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it was all very unexpected

  • 1 unexpected

    unexpected [ˈʌnɪksˈpektɪd]
    * * *
    [ˌʌnɪk'spektɪd] 1. 2.
    adjective [arrival, danger, event, success] imprévu; [ally, gift, outcome, announcement] inattendu; [death, illness] inopiné

    English-French dictionary > unexpected

  • 2 unexpected

    (not expected, eg because sudden: his unexpected death; His promotion was quite unexpected.) inesperado
    unexpected adj inesperado / imprevisto
    tr[ʌnɪk'spektɪd]
    1 inesperado,-a
    2 (event) imprevisto,-a
    unexpected [.ʌnɪk'spɛktəd] adj
    : imprevisto, inesperado
    ♦ unexpectedly adv
    adj.
    • brutal adj.
    • impensado, -a adj.
    • imprevisto, -a adj.
    • improvisto, -a adj.
    • inesperado, -a adj.
    • repentino, -a adj.
    'ʌnɪk'spektəd, ˌʌnɪk'spektɪd
    adjective <reaction/visitor> inesperado; <result/delay> imprevisto
    ['ʌnɪks'pektɪd]
    ADJ [death, arrival, appearance, visit] inesperado, repentino; [victory, success] inesperado; [problem, expense] inesperado, imprevisto
    * * *
    ['ʌnɪk'spektəd, ˌʌnɪk'spektɪd]
    adjective <reaction/visitor> inesperado; <result/delay> imprevisto

    English-spanish dictionary > unexpected

  • 3 sudden

    (happening etc quickly and unexpectedly: a sudden attack; His decision to get married is rather sudden!; a sudden bend in the road.) súbito, repentino
    - suddenly
    - all of a sudden
    sudden adj
    1. repentino / súbito
    2. inesperado
    tr['sʌdən]
    1 (quick) súbito,-a, repentino,-a
    2 (unexpected) inesperado,-a, imprevisto,-a
    3 (abrupt) brusco,-a
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    all of a sudden de repente, de pronto, de golpe
    sudden death muerte nombre femenino súbita
    sudden ['sʌdən] adj
    1) : repentino, súbito
    all of a sudden: de pronto, de repente
    2) unexpected: inesperado, improvisto
    3) abrupt, hasty: precipitado, brusco
    adj.
    • arrebatado, -a adj.
    • brusco, -a adj.
    • fulminante adj.
    • imprevisto, -a adj.
    • inesperado, -a adj.
    • repentino, -a adj.
    • súbito, -a adj.
    n.
    • puñalada s.f.
    'sʌdṇ
    a) ( rushed) repentino, súbito; ( unexpected) imprevisto, inesperado

    isn't this all rather sudden? — ¿esto no es un poco apresurado or precipitado?

    all of a sudden — de repente, de pronto, repentinamente

    b) ( abrupt) < movement> brusco
    ['sʌdn]
    1. ADJ
    1) (=hasty, swift) repentino; (=unexpected) inesperado

    this is all so sudden! — ¡todo esto es tan repentino!

    his death was sudden — su muerte ocurrió de repente, su muerte fue inesperada

    all of a sudden — de pronto, de repente

    2) (=abrupt) [movement] brusco
    2.
    CPD

    sudden death N — (Tennis) muerte f súbita

    they had to go to sudden death — (Tennis) tuvieron que recurrir a la muerte súbita; (Ftbl) (penalty shoot-out) tuvieron que recurrir a los goles; (extra time) tuvieron que recurrir a la prórroga de desempate

    sudden death extra time N — prórroga f de desempate

    sudden death goal N — gol m de desempate

    sudden death play-off N — desempate m instantáneo

    sudden infant death syndrome N — (Med) síndrome m de la muerte súbita infantil

    * * *
    ['sʌdṇ]
    a) ( rushed) repentino, súbito; ( unexpected) imprevisto, inesperado

    isn't this all rather sudden? — ¿esto no es un poco apresurado or precipitado?

    all of a sudden — de repente, de pronto, repentinamente

    b) ( abrupt) < movement> brusco

    English-spanish dictionary > sudden

  • 4 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 5 upset

    1. transitive verb,
    -tt-, upset
    1) (overturn) umkippen; (accidentally) umstoßen [Tasse, Vase, Milch usw.]
    2) (distress) erschüttern; mitnehmen (ugs.); (disturb the composure or temper of) aus der Fassung bringen; (shock, make angry, excite) aufregen

    don't let it upset you — nimm es nicht so schwer

    4) (disorganize) stören; durcheinander bringen [Plan, Berechnung, Arrangement]
    2. intransitive verb,
    -tt-, upset umkippen
    3. adjective
    1) (overturned) umgekippt
    2) (distressed) bestürzt; (agitated) aufgeregt; (unhappy) unglücklich; (put out) aufgebracht; verärgert; (offended) gekränkt

    be upset [about something] — (be distressed) [über etwas (Akk.)] bestürzt sein; (be angry) sich [über etwas (Akk.)] ärgern

    we were very upset to hear of his illness — die Nachricht von seiner Krankheit ist uns sehr nahe gegangen

    get upset [about/over something] — sich [über etwas (Akk.)] aufregen

    there's no point in getting upset about it — es hat keinen Sinn, sich darüber aufzuregen

    4. noun
    1) (overturning) Umkippen, das
    2) (agitation) Aufregung, die; (shock) Schock, der; (annoyance) Verärgerung, die
    3) (slight quarrel) Missstimmung, die
    4) (slight illness) Unpäßlichkeit, die

    digestive/stomach upset — Verdauungsstörung, die/Magenverstimmung, die

    5) (disturbance) Zwischenfall, der; (confusion, upheaval) Aufruhr, der
    6) (surprising result) Überraschung, die
    * * *
    past tense, past participle; see upset
    * * *
    up·set
    I. vt
    [ʌpˈset]
    ▪ to \upset sth etw umwerfen
    to \upset a boat ein Boot zum Kentern bringen
    to \upset a glass ein Glas umstoßen [o umkippen
    2. (psychologically unsettle)
    ▪ to \upset sb jdn aus der Fassung bringen; (distress) jdn mitnehmen, jdm an die Nieren gehen fam
    ▪ to \upset oneself sich akk aufregen
    3. (throw into disorder)
    ▪ to \upset sth etw durcheinanderbringen
    4. MED
    to \upset sb's metabolism jds Stoffwechsel durcheinanderbringen
    to \upset sb's stomach jdm auf den Magen schlagen
    5.
    ▶ to \upset the apple cart ( fam) alle Pläne über den Haufen werfen [o zunichtemachen
    II. adj
    [ʌpˈset]
    1. (up-ended) umgestoßen, umgeworfen, umgekippt
    2. pred (disquieted)
    ▪ to be \upset (nervous) aufgeregt sein; (angry) aufgebracht sein; (distressed) bestürzt [o betroffen] sein; (sad) traurig sein
    to get \upset about sth sich akk über etw akk aufregen
    ▪ to be \upset [that]... traurig sein, dass...
    he was very \upset [that] you didn't reply to his letters es hat ihn sehr getroffen, dass du auf seine Briefe nicht geantwortet hast
    don't be [or get] \upset reg dich nicht auf
    to be \upset to hear/read/see that... bestürzt sein zu [o mit Bestürzung] hören/lesen/sehen, dass...
    3. inv ( fam: bilious)
    to have an \upset stomach [or ( fam) tummy] sich dat den Magen verdorben haben
    III. n
    [ˈʌpset]
    1. no pl (trouble) Ärger m; (argument) Verstimmung f; (psychological) Ärgernis nt
    it was a great \upset to his self-image sein Selbstverständnis hat darunter sehr gelitten
    ▪ to be an \upset to sb jdm nahegehen, jdn mitnehmen
    to be an \upset to sth's equilibrium das Gleichgewicht einer S. gen [empfindlich] stören
    to have an \upset eine Meinungsverschiedenheit haben
    2. esp SPORT (great surprise) unliebsame Überraschung
    one of the major \upsets of this year's Wimbledon was the elimination of the favourite eine der großen Enttäuschungen des diesjährigen Wimbledon-Turniers war das Ausscheiden des Favoriten
    3. ( fam: stomach)
    stomach [or ( fam) tummy] \upset verdorbener Magen, Magenverstimmung f
    * * *
    [ʌp'set] vb: pret, ptp upset
    1. vt
    1) (= knock over) umstoßen, umwerfen; boat umkippen, zum Kentern bringen

    she upset the milk all over the new carpet — sie stieß die Milch um und alles lief auf den neuen Teppich

    2) (= make sad news, death) bestürzen, erschüttern, mitnehmen (inf); (question, insolence etc) aus der Fassung bringen; (divorce, experience, accident etc) mitnehmen (inf); (= distress, excite) patient, parent etc aufregen; (= offend unkind behaviour, words etc) verletzen, wehtun (+dat); (= annoy) ärgern

    you shouldn't have said/done that, now you've upset her — das hätten Sie nicht sagen/tun sollen, jetzt regt sie sich auf or (offended) jetzt ist sie beleidigt

    there's no point in upsetting yourself —

    I don't know what's upset him — ich weiß nicht, was er hat

    3) (= disorganize) calculations, balance, plan, timetable etc durcheinanderbringen
    4)

    (= make ill) the rich food upset his stomach — das schwere Essen ist ihm nicht bekommen

    2. vi
    umkippen
    3. adj
    1) (about divorce, accident, dismissal etc) mitgenommen (inf) (about von); (about death, bad news etc) bestürzt (about über +acc); (= sad) betrübt, geknickt (inf) (about über +acc); (= distressed, worried) aufgeregt (about wegen); baby, child durcheinander pred; (= annoyed) ärgerlich, aufgebracht (about über +acc); (= hurt) gekränkt, verletzt (about über +acc)

    she was pretty upset about it — das ist ihr ziemlich nahegegangen, das hat sie ziemlich mitgenommen (inf)

    she was upset about the news/that he'd left her — es hat sie ziemlich mitgenommen, als sie das hörte/dass er sie verlassen hat (inf)

    we were very upset to hear about her illness —

    don't look so upset, they'll come back — guck doch nicht so traurig, sie kommen ja zurück

    would you be upset if I decided not to go after all? — wärst du traurig or würdest dus tragisch nehmen, wenn ich doch nicht ginge?

    I'd be very upset if... — ich wäre sehr traurig or betrübt wenn...

    she'd be upset if I used a word like that — sie wäre entsetzt, wenn ich so etwas sagen würde

    to get upset — sich aufregen (about über +acc )

    don't get upset about it, you'll find another — nimm das noch nicht so tragisch, du findest bestimmt einen anderen

    to sound/look upset — verstört klingen/aussehen

    2) ['ʌpset]
    stomach verstimmt, verdorben attr

    to have an upset stomach — sich (dat) den Magen verdorben haben, eine Magenverstimmung haben

    4. n
    ['ʌpset]
    1) (= disturbance) Störung f; (emotional) Aufregung f; (inf = quarrel) Verstimmung f, Ärger m; (= unexpected defeat etc) unliebsame or böse Überraschung

    children don't like upsets in their routine —

    2)

    stomach upset — Magenverstimmung f, verdorbener Magen

    * * *
    upset1 [ʌpˈset]
    A adj
    1. umgestürzt, umgekippt
    2. durcheinandergeworfen oder -geraten
    3. fig aufgeregt, außer Fassung, aus dem Gleichgewicht gebracht, durcheinander
    4. verstimmt (auch Magen):
    upset stomach auch Magenverstimmung f
    B v/t irr
    1. umwerfen, umstürzen, umkippen, umstoßen: → academic.ru/3233/applecart">applecart
    2. ein Boot zum Kentern bringen
    3. fig einen Plan umstoßen, über den Haufen werfen, vereiteln:
    upset all predictions alle Vorhersagen auf den Kopf stellen
    4. eine Regierung stürzen
    5. fig jemanden umwerfen, aus der Fassung bringen, durcheinanderbringen
    6. in Unordnung bringen, durcheinanderbringen:
    the fish has upset me ( oder my stomach) ich habe mir durch den Fisch den Magen verdorben
    7. TECH stauchen
    C v/i
    1. umkippen, umstürzen
    2. umschlagen, kentern (Boot)
    D s [ˈʌpset]
    1. Umkippen n
    2. Umschlagen n, Kentern n
    3. Sturz m, Fall m
    4. Umsturz m
    5. fig Vereit(e)lung f
    6. Unordnung f, Durcheinander n
    7. Ärger m, (auch Magen) Verstimmung f
    8. Streit m, Meinungsverschiedenheit f
    9. SPORT umg Überraschung f (unerwartete Niederlage etc)
    10. TECH Stauchung f
    upset2 adj an-, festgesetzt:
    upset price bes US Mindestpreis m (bei Versteigerungen)
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,
    -tt-, upset
    1) (overturn) umkippen; (accidentally) umstoßen [Tasse, Vase, Milch usw.]
    2) (distress) erschüttern; mitnehmen (ugs.); (disturb the composure or temper of) aus der Fassung bringen; (shock, make angry, excite) aufregen
    4) (disorganize) stören; durcheinander bringen [Plan, Berechnung, Arrangement]
    2. intransitive verb,
    -tt-, upset umkippen
    3. adjective
    1) (overturned) umgekippt
    2) (distressed) bestürzt; (agitated) aufgeregt; (unhappy) unglücklich; (put out) aufgebracht; verärgert; (offended) gekränkt

    be upset [about something] — (be distressed) [über etwas (Akk.)] bestürzt sein; (be angry) sich [über etwas (Akk.)] ärgern

    get upset [about/over something] — sich [über etwas (Akk.)] aufregen

    there's no point in getting upset about it — es hat keinen Sinn, sich darüber aufzuregen

    4. noun
    1) (overturning) Umkippen, das
    2) (agitation) Aufregung, die; (shock) Schock, der; (annoyance) Verärgerung, die
    3) (slight quarrel) Missstimmung, die
    4) (slight illness) Unpäßlichkeit, die

    digestive/stomach upset — Verdauungsstörung, die/Magenverstimmung, die

    5) (disturbance) Zwischenfall, der; (confusion, upheaval) Aufruhr, der
    6) (surprising result) Überraschung, die
    * * *
    v.
    umwerfen v. adj.
    bestürzt adj.
    umstürzen adj.

    English-german dictionary > upset

  • 6 wonder

    1. noun
    1) (the state of mind produced by something unexpected or extraordinary: He was full of wonder at the amazing sight.) (for)undring
    2) (something strange, unexpected or extraordinary: the Seven Wonders of the World; You work late so often that it's a wonder you don't take a bed to the office!) under(verk), vidunder
    3) (the quality of being strange or unexpected: The wonder of the discovery is that it was only made ten years ago.) under, mirakel
    2. verb
    1) (to be surprised: Caroline is very fond of John - I shouldn't wonder if she married him.) være forundret (over)
    2) (to feel curiosity or doubt: Have you ever wondered about his reasons for wanting this money?) undres, undre seg, spekulere på
    3) (to feel a desire to know: I wonder what the news is.) lure på, skulle gjerne vite
    •
    - wonderfully
    - wonderingly
    - wonderland
    - wondrous
    - no wonder
    forundring
    --------
    under
    I
    subst. \/ˈwʌndə\/
    1) underverk, vidunder, under
    2) (om person, gjenstand, hendelse) fenomen, mirakel, under(verk), vidunder
    3) vidunder-, mirakel-
    4) (for)undring
    by a wonder ved et under
    for a wonder merkelig nok, underlig nok
    han var presis, merkelig nok
    in the name of wonder i all verden
    • why in the name of wonder?
    in\/with wonder undrende
    • look at somebody in\/with wonder
    nine days' wonder eller seven-day wonder eller one-day wonder kortvarig sensasjon
    no\/little wonder eller small wonder ikke rart, intet under
    • she refused, and no wonder
    hun nektet, og det er ikke så rart
    promise wonders love gull og grønne skoger
    wonder of wonders under over alle undere
    wonders will never cease ( spøkefullt) undrenes tid er ikke forbi
    work\/do wonders eller perform wonders gjøre underverker
    II
    verb \/ˈwʌndə\/
    1) forundre seg, bli forbauset
    2) undre (på), lure (på)
    I shouldn't wonder det ville ikke forundre meg

    English-Norwegian dictionary > wonder

  • 7 find

    find [faɪnd]
    trouver ⇒ 1 (a)-(d) retrouver ⇒ 1 (a) chercher ⇒ 1 (b) constater ⇒ 1 (e) déclarer ⇒ 1 (f) se trouver ⇒ 1 (h) prononcer ⇒ 2 trouvaille ⇒ 3 merveille ⇒ 3
    (pt & pp found [faʊnd])
    (a) (by searching) trouver; (lost thing, person) retrouver;
    ∎ I can't find it anywhere je ne le trouve nulle part;
    ∎ did you find what you were looking for? as-tu trouvé ce que tu cherchais?;
    ∎ she couldn't find anything to say elle ne trouvait rien à dire;
    ∎ the police could find no reason or explanation for his disappearance la police n'arrivait pas à expliquer sa disparition;
    ∎ I never did find those earrings je n'ai jamais pu trouver ces boucles d'oreilles;
    ∎ the missing airmen were found alive les aviateurs disparus ont été retrouvés sains et saufs;
    ∎ I can't find my place (in book) je ne sais plus où j'en suis;
    ∎ my wallet/he was nowhere to be found mon portefeuille/il était introuvable
    (b) (look for, fetch) chercher;
    ∎ Computing to find and replace trouver et remplacer;
    ∎ he went to find help/a doctor il est allé chercher de l'aide/un médecin;
    ∎ go and find me a pair of scissors va me chercher une paire de ciseaux;
    ∎ could you find me a cloth? tu peux me trouver un chiffon?;
    ∎ he said he'd try to find me a job il a dit qu'il essaierait de me trouver un travail;
    ∎ to find the time/money to do sth trouver le temps de/l'argent nécessaire pour faire qch;
    ∎ to find the courage/strength to do sth trouver le courage/la force de faire qch;
    ∎ to find one's feet (in new job, situation) prendre ses repères;
    ∎ I'm still finding my feet je ne suis pas encore complètement dans le bain;
    ∎ she couldn't find it in her heart or herself to say no elle n'a pas eu le cœur de dire non;
    ∎ the bullet found its mark la balle a atteint son but;
    ∎ to find one's way trouver son chemin;
    ∎ I'll find my own way out je trouverai la sortie tout seul;
    ∎ she found her way back home elle a réussi à rentrer chez elle;
    ∎ somehow, the book had found its way into my room sans que je sache comment, le livre s'était retrouvé dans ma chambre
    ∎ we left everything as we found it nous avons tout laissé dans l'état où nous l'avions trouvé;
    ∎ we found this wonderful little bistro on our last visit nous avons découvert un adorable petit bistro lors de notre dernière visite;
    ∎ you won't find a better bargain anywhere nulle part, vous ne trouverez meilleur prix;
    ∎ this bird is found all over Britain on trouve cet oiseau dans toute la Grande-Bretagne;
    ∎ the complete list is to be found on page 18 la liste complète se trouve page 18;
    ∎ I found him at home je l'ai trouvé chez lui;
    ∎ I found her waiting outside je l'ai trouvée qui attendait dehors;
    ∎ they found him dead on l'a trouvé mort;
    ∎ you'll find someone else tu trouveras quelqu'un d'autre;
    ∎ to find happiness/peace trouver le bonheur/la paix;
    ∎ I take people as I find them je prends les gens comme ils sont;
    ∎ I hope this letter finds you in good health j'espère que vous allez bien;
    ∎ they found an unexpected supporter in Mr Smith ils ont trouvé en M. Smith un partisan inattendu
    (d) (expressing an opinion, personal view) trouver;
    ∎ I don't find that funny at all je ne trouve pas ça drôle du tout;
    ∎ I find her very pretty je la trouve très jolie;
    ∎ she finds it very difficult/impossible to talk about it il lui est très difficile/impossible d'en parler;
    ∎ to find some difficulty in doing sth éprouver quelque difficulté à faire qch;
    ∎ he finds it very hard/impossible to make friends il a beaucoup de mal à/il n'arrive pas à se faire des amis;
    ∎ I find it hot/cold in here je trouve qu'il fait chaud/froid ici;
    ∎ how did you find your new boss/your steak? comment avez-vous trouvé votre nouveau patron/votre steak?;
    ∎ Rovers have been found wanting or lacking in defence les Rovers ont fait preuve de faiblesse au niveau de la défense
    (e) (discover, learn) constater;
    ∎ I found (that) the car wouldn't start j'ai constaté que la voiture ne voulait pas démarrer;
    ∎ they came back to find the house had been burgled à leur retour, ils ont constaté que la maison avait été cambriolée;
    ∎ I find I have time on my hands now that I am no longer working je m'aperçois que j'ai du temps à moi maintenant que je ne travaille plus;
    ∎ I think you'll find I'm right je pense que tu t'apercevras que j'ai raison
    ∎ to find sb guilty/innocent déclarer qn coupable/non coupable;
    ∎ how do you find the accused? déclarez-vous l'accusé coupable ou non coupable?;
    ∎ the court found that the evidence was inconclusive le tribunal a déclaré que les preuves n'étaient pas suffisantes
    (g) old-fashioned or formal (provide → one's own tools, uniform) fournir;
    ∎ £65 a week all found 65 livres par semaine nourri et logé
    ∎ I woke up to find myself on a ship je me suis réveillé sur un bateau;
    ∎ he found himself out of a job il s'est retrouvé sans emploi;
    ∎ I find/found myself in an impossible situation je me trouve/me suis retrouvé dans une situation impossible;
    ∎ formal I find myself unable to agree to your request je me vois dans l'impossibilité d'accéder à votre demande;
    ∎ she found herself forced to retaliate elle s'est trouvée dans l'obligation de riposter;
    ∎ he's going on a six-month backpacking trip to find himself il va partir en voyage pendant six mois, sac au dos, à la recherche de lui-même
    ∎ Law to find for/against the plaintiff prononcer en faveur de l'accusation/de la défense
    3 noun
    (object) trouvaille f; (person) merveille f
    ►► Computing find command commande f de recherche
    (a) (investigate, make enquiries) se renseigner;
    ∎ to find out about sth se renseigner sur qch
    (b) (learn, discover)
    ∎ his wife/his boss found out sa femme/son chef a tout découvert;
    ∎ his wife found out about his affair sa femme a découvert qu'il avait une liaison;
    ∎ what if the police find out? et si la police l'apprend?;
    ∎ I didn't find out about the party in time on ne m'a pas mis au courant de la fête à temps;
    ∎ I didn't find out about it in time je ne l'ai pas su à temps
    (a) (learn, discover → truth, real identity) découvrir; (→ answer, phone number) trouver; (→ by making enquiries, reading instructions) se renseigner sur;
    ∎ we found out that she was French nous avons découvert qu'elle était française;
    ∎ what have you found out about him/it? qu'est-ce que tu as découvert sur lui/là-dessus?;
    ∎ can you find out the date of the meeting for me? est-ce que tu peux te renseigner sur la date de la réunion?;
    ∎ when I found out the date of the meeting quand j'ai appris la date de la réunion;
    ∎ to find out how to do sth/what sb is really like découvrir comment faire qch/la véritable nature de qn;
    ∎ I found out where he'd put it j'ai trouvé où il l'avait mis
    (b) (catch being dishonest) prendre; (show to be a fraud) prendre en défaut;
    ∎ make sure you don't get found out veille à ne pas te faire prendre;
    ∎ you've been found out tu as été découvert;
    ∎ they had found her out for the liar she was ils avaient découvert quelle menteuse elle était;
    ∎ she had been found out transferring money into her own account on avait découvert qu'elle transférait de l'argent sur son propre compte

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > find

  • 8 turn

    turn [tɜ:n]
    tourner ⇒ 1A (a), 1B (a), 1B (d), 1C (d), 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (f) faire tourner ⇒ 1A (a) retourner ⇒ 1B (a) changer ⇒ 1C (a) faire devenir ⇒ 1C (a) se tourner ⇒ 2 (a) se retourner ⇒ 2 (b) devenir ⇒ 2 (d) se changer ⇒ 2 (e) tour ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (d), 3 (f), 3 (g) tournant ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) virage ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) tournure ⇒ 3 (d)
    A.
    (a) (cause to rotate, move round) tourner; (shaft, axle) faire tourner, faire pivoter; (direct) diriger;
    ∎ she turned the key in the lock (to lock) elle a donné un tour de clé (à la porte), elle a fermé la porte à clé; (to unlock) elle a ouvert la porte avec la clé;
    ∎ turn the wheel all the way round faites faire un tour complet à la roue;
    ∎ Cars to turn the (steering) wheel tourner le volant;
    ∎ turn the knob to the right tournez le bouton vers la droite;
    ∎ turn the knob to "record" mettez le bouton en position "enregistrer";
    ∎ she turned the oven to its highest setting elle a allumé ou mis le four à la température maximum;
    ∎ she turned her chair towards the window elle a tourné sa chaise face à la fenêtre;
    ∎ he turned the car into the drive il a engagé la voiture dans l'allée;
    ∎ we turned our steps homeward nous avons dirigé nos pas vers la maison;
    ∎ turn your head this way tournez la tête de ce côté
    ∎ she turned the conversation to sport elle a orienté la conversation vers le sport;
    ∎ their votes could turn the election in his favour leurs voix pourraient faire basculer les élections en sa faveur;
    ∎ he would not be turned from his decision to resign il n'y a pas eu moyen de le faire revenir sur sa décision de démissionner;
    ∎ nothing would turn the rebels from their cause rien ne pourrait détourner les rebelles de leur cause;
    ∎ you've turned my whole family against me vous avez monté toute ma famille contre moi;
    ∎ we turned his joke against him nous avons retourné la plaisanterie contre lui;
    ∎ let's turn our attention to the matter in hand occupons-nous de l'affaire en question;
    ∎ she turned her attention to the problem elle s'est concentrée sur le problème;
    ∎ to turn one's thoughts to God tourner ses pensées vers Dieu;
    ∎ research workers have turned the theory to practical use les chercheurs ont mis la théorie en pratique;
    ∎ how can we turn this policy to our advantage or account? comment tirer parti de cette politique?, comment tourner cette politique à notre avantage?;
    ∎ to turn one's back on sb tourner le dos à qn;
    ∎ she looked at the letter the minute his back was turned dès qu'il a eu le dos tourné, elle a jeté un coup d'œil à la lettre;
    ∎ how can you turn your back on your own family? comment peux-tu abandonner ta famille?;
    ∎ she turned her back on her friends elle a tourné le dos à ses amis;
    ∎ to turn one's back on the past tourner la page, tourner le dos au passé;
    ∎ she was so pretty that she turned heads wherever she went elle était si jolie que tout le monde se retournait sur son passage;
    ∎ success had not turned his head la réussite ne lui avait pas tourné la tête, il ne s'était pas laissé griser par la réussite;
    ∎ all their compliments had turned her head tous leurs compliments lui étaient montés à la tête ou lui avaient tourné la tête;
    ∎ to turn the tables on sb reprendre l'avantage sur qn;
    ∎ figurative now the tables are turned maintenant les rôles sont renversés
    B.
    (a) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ collar, mattress, sausages, soil, hay) retourner;
    ∎ the very thought of food turns my stomach l'idée même de manger me soulève le cœur;
    ∎ to turn sth on its head bouleverser qch, mettre qch sens dessus dessous;
    ∎ recent events have turned the situation on its head les événements récents ont retourné la situation
    ∎ he turned the beggar from his door il a chassé le mendiant;
    ∎ they turned the poachers off their land ils ont chassé les braconniers de leurs terres
    (c) (release, let loose)
    ∎ he turned the cattle into the field il a fait rentrer le bétail dans le champ
    (d) (go round → corner) tourner
    (e) (reach → in age, time) passer, franchir;
    ∎ I had just turned twenty je venais d'avoir vingt ans;
    ∎ she's turned thirty elle a trente ans passés, elle a dépassé le cap de la trentaine;
    ∎ it has only just turned four o'clock il est quatre heures passées de quelques secondes
    (f) (do, perform) faire;
    ∎ the skater turned a circle on the ice la patineuse a décrit un cercle sur la glace;
    ∎ to turn a cartwheel faire la roue
    (g) (ankle) tordre;
    ∎ I've turned my ankle je me suis tordu la cheville
    C.
    (a) (transform, change) changer, transformer; (make) faire devenir, rendre;
    ∎ to turn sth into sth transformer ou changer qch en qch;
    ∎ bitterness turned their love into hate l'amertume a transformé leur amour en haine;
    ∎ she turned the remark into a joke elle a tourné la remarque en plaisanterie;
    ∎ they're turning the book into a film ils adaptent le livre pour l'écran;
    ∎ the sight turned his heart to ice le spectacle lui a glacé le cœur ou l'a glacé;
    ∎ Stock Exchange you should turn your shares into cash vous devriez réaliser vos actions;
    ∎ time had turned the pages yellow le temps avait jauni les pages
    (b) (make bad, affect)
    ∎ the lemon juice turned the milk (sour) le jus de citron a fait tourner le lait
    (c) American Commerce (goods) promouvoir la vente de; (money) gagner;
    ∎ to turn a good profit faire de gros bénéfices;
    ∎ he turns an honest penny il gagne sa vie honnêtement;
    ∎ familiar he was out to turn a fast buck il cherchait à gagner ou faire du fric facilement
    (d) Technology (shape) tourner, façonner au tour;
    ∎ a well-turned leg une jambe bien faite;
    ∎ figurative to turn a phrase faire des phrases
    (a) (move round → handle, key, wheel) tourner; (→ shaft) tourner, pivoter; (→ person) se tourner;
    ∎ to turn on an axis tourner autour d'un axe;
    ∎ the crane turned (through) 180° la grue a pivoté de 180°;
    ∎ the key won't turn la clé ne tourne pas;
    ∎ he turned right round il a fait volte-face;
    ∎ they turned towards me ils se sont tournés vers moi ou de mon côté;
    ∎ they turned from the gruesome sight ils se sont détournés de cet horrible spectacle;
    ∎ turn (round) and face the front tourne-toi et regarde devant toi
    (b) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ car, person, ship) se retourner;
    ∎ figurative the smell made my stomach turn l'odeur m'a soulevé le cœur
    (c) (change direction → person) tourner; (→ vehicle) tourner, virer; (→ luck, wind) tourner, changer; (→ river, road) faire un coude; (→ tide) changer de direction;
    ∎ turn (to the) right (walking) tournez à droite; (driving) tournez ou prenez à droite;
    ∎ Military right turn! à droite!;
    ∎ we turned towards town nous nous sommes dirigés vers la ville;
    ∎ he turned (round) and went back il a fait demi-tour et est revenu sur ses pas;
    ∎ the road turns south la route tourne vers le sud;
    ∎ the car turned into our street la voiture a tourné dans notre rue;
    ∎ we turned onto the main road nous nous sommes engagés dans ou nous avons pris la grand-route;
    ∎ we turned off the main road nous avons quitté la grand-route;
    ∎ Stock Exchange the market turned downwards/upwards le marché était à la baisse/à la hausse;
    ∎ figurative I don't know where or which way to turn je ne sais plus quoi faire
    (d) (with adj or noun complement) (become) devenir;
    ∎ it's turning cold il commence à faire froid;
    ∎ the weather's turned bad le temps s'est gâté;
    ∎ the argument turned nasty la dispute s'est envenimée;
    ∎ she turned angry when he refused elle s'est mise en colère quand il a refusé;
    ∎ to turn red/blue virer au rouge/bleu;
    ∎ he turned red il a rougi;
    ∎ a lawyer turned politician un avocat devenu homme politique;
    ∎ to turn professional passer ou devenir professionnel;
    ∎ the whole family turned Muslim toute la famille s'est convertie à l'islam
    (e) (transform) se changer, se transformer;
    ∎ the pumpkin turned into a carriage la citrouille s'est transformée en carrosse;
    ∎ the rain turned to snow la pluie s'est transformée en neige;
    ∎ the little girl had turned into a young woman la petite fille était devenue une jeune femme;
    ∎ their love turned to hate leur amour se changea en haine ou fit place à la haine
    (f) (leaf) tourner, jaunir; (milk) tourner;
    ∎ the weather has turned le temps a changé
    3 noun
    (a) (revolution, rotation) tour m;
    ∎ he gave the handle a turn il a tourné la poignée;
    ∎ give the screw another turn donnez un autre tour de vis;
    ∎ with a turn of the wrist avec un tour de poignet
    (b) (change of course, direction) tournant m; (in skiing) virage m;
    ∎ to make a right turn (walking) tourner à droite; (driving) tourner ou prendre à droite;
    ∎ take the second turn on the right prenez la deuxième à droite;
    ∎ no right turn (sign) défense de tourner à droite;
    ∎ figurative at every turn à tout instant, à tout bout de champ
    (c) (bend, curve in road) virage m, tournant m;
    ∎ there is a sharp turn to the left la route fait un brusque virage ou tourne brusquement à gauche
    (d) (change in state, nature) tour m, tournure f;
    ∎ the conversation took a new turn la conversation a pris une nouvelle tournure;
    ∎ it was an unexpected turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure imprévue;
    ∎ things took a turn for the worse/better les choses se sont aggravées/améliorées;
    ∎ the patient took a turn for the worse/better l'état du malade s'est aggravé/amélioré;
    ∎ the situation took a tragic turn la situation a tourné au tragique
    ∎ at the turn of the year vers la fin de l'année;
    ∎ at the turn of the century au tournant du siècle
    (f) (in game, order, queue) tour m;
    ∎ it's my turn c'est à moi, c'est mon tour;
    ∎ whose turn is it? (in queue) (c'est) à qui le tour?; (in game) c'est à qui de jouer?;
    ∎ it's his turn to do the dishes c'est à lui ou c'est son tour de faire la vaisselle;
    ∎ you'll have to wait your turn il faudra attendre ton tour;
    ∎ they laughed and cried by turns ils passaient tour à tour du rire aux larmes;
    ∎ to take it in turns to do sth faire qch à tour de rôle;
    ∎ let's take it in turns to drive relayons-nous au volant;
    ∎ we took turns sleeping on the floor nous avons dormi par terre à tour de rôle;
    ∎ turn and turn about à tour de rôle
    (g) (action, deed)
    ∎ to do sb a good/bad turn rendre service/jouer un mauvais tour à qn;
    ∎ he did them a bad turn il leur a joué un mauvais tour;
    ∎ I've done my good turn for the day j'ai fait ma bonne action de la journée;
    ∎ proverb one good turn deserves another = un service en vaut un autre, un service rendu en appelle un autre
    (h) familiar (attack of illness) crise f, attaque f;
    ∎ she had one of her (funny) turns this morning elle a eu une de ses crises ce matin
    ∎ you gave me quite a turn! tu m'as fait une sacrée peur!, tu m'as fait une de ces peurs!;
    ∎ it gave me such a turn! j'ai eu une de ces peurs!
    (j) old-fashioned (short trip, ride, walk) tour m;
    ∎ let's go for or take a turn in the garden allons faire un tour dans le jardin
    (k) (tendency, style)
    ∎ to have an optimistic turn of mind être optimiste de nature ou d'un naturel optimiste;
    ∎ he has a strange turn of mind il a une drôle de mentalité;
    ∎ turn of phrase tournure f ou tour m de phrase;
    ∎ she has a witty turn of phrase elle est très spirituelle ou pleine d'esprit
    (l) (purpose, requirement) exigence f, besoin m;
    ∎ this book has served its turn ce livre a fait son temps
    (m) Music doublé m
    (n) Stock Exchange (transaction) transaction f (qui comprend l'achat et la vente); British (difference in price) écart m entre le prix d'achat et le prix de vente
    (o) British Theatre numéro m;
    ∎ a comedy turn un numéro de comédie
    ∎ done to a turn cuit à point; familiar humorous (tanned) tout bronzé
    ∎ she interviewed each of us in turn elle a eu un entretien avec chacun de nous l'un après l'autre;
    ∎ I told Sarah and she in turn told Paul je l'ai dit à Sarah qui, à son tour, l'a dit à Paul;
    ∎ I worked in turn as a waiter, an actor and a teacher j'ai travaillé successivement ou tour à tour comme serveur, acteur et enseignant
    ∎ to be on the turn être sur le point de changer;
    ∎ the tide is on the turn c'est le changement de marée; figurative le vent tourne;
    ∎ the milk is on the turn le lait commence à tourner
    ∎ don't play out of turn attends ton tour pour jouer;
    ∎ figurative to speak out of turn faire des remarques déplacées, parler mal à propos
    ►► (shift) turn of duty (gen) tour m de service; Military tour m de garde;
    American turn signal clignotant m, Belgian clignoteur m, Swiss signofil(e) m;
    American turn signal lever (manette f de) clignotant m
    se retourner contre, s'en prendre à
    (move to one side) s'écarter; also figurative (move away) se détourner;
    ∎ she turned aside to blow her nose elle se détourna pour se moucher
    also figurative écarter, détourner
    (a) (avert) détourner;
    ∎ she turned her head away from him elle s'est détournée de lui
    (b) (reject → person) renvoyer; (stronger) chasser;
    ∎ the college turned away hundreds of applicants l'université a refusé des centaines de candidats;
    ∎ she turned the salesman away elle chassa le représentant;
    ∎ to turn people away (in theatre etc) refuser du monde;
    ∎ we've been turning business away nous avons refusé du travail
    se détourner;
    ∎ he turned away from them in anger en ou de colère, il leur a tourné le dos
    (a) (return → person) revenir, rebrousser chemin; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;
    ∎ it was getting dark so we decided to turn back comme il commençait à faire nuit, nous avons décidé de faire demi-tour;
    ∎ my mind is made up, there is no turning back ma décision est prise, je ne reviendrai pas dessus
    ∎ turn back to chapter one revenez ou retournez au premier chapitre
    (a) (force to return) faire faire demi-tour à; (refugee) refouler
    (b) (fold → collar, sheet) rabattre; (→ sleeves) remonter, retrousser; (→ corner of page) corner
    ∎ to turn the clock back remonter dans le temps, revenir en arrière
    (a) (heating, lighting, sound) baisser
    (b) (fold → sheet) rabattre, retourner; (→ collar) rabattre;
    ∎ to turn down the corner of a page corner une page;
    ∎ to turn down the bed ouvrir le lit
    (c) (reject → offer, request, suitor) rejeter, repousser; (→ candidate, job) refuser;
    ∎ they offered him a job but he turned them down ils lui ont proposé un emploi mais il a rejeté leur offre;
    ∎ familiar she turned me down flat elle m'a envoyé balader
    (move downwards) tourner vers le bas;
    ∎ the corners of his mouth turned down il a fait la moue ou une grimace désapprobatrice
    ➲ turn in
    (a) (return, give in → borrowed article, equipment, piece of work) rendre, rapporter; (→ criminal) livrer à la police;
    ∎ they turned the thief in (took him to the police) ils ont livré le voleur à la police; (informed on him) ils ont dénoncé le voleur à la police
    ∎ turn in the edges rentrez les bords
    ∎ the actor turned in a good performance l'acteur a très bien joué;
    ∎ the company turned in record profits l'entreprise a fait des bénéfices record
    (a) (feet, toes)
    ∎ my toes turn in j'ai les pieds en dedans
    ∎ he turned in at the gate arrivé à la porte, il est entré
    (c) familiar (go to bed) se coucher□
    ∎ to turn in on oneself se replier sur soi-même
    (a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ heater, radio, television) éteindre, fermer; (cut off at mains) couper; (tap) fermer;
    ∎ she turned the ignition/engine off elle a coupé le contact/arrêté le moteur
    (b) familiar (fail to interest) rebuter□ ; (sexually) couper l'envie à; (repulse) débecter;
    ∎ her superior attitude really turns me off son air suffisant me rebute
    (a) (leave road) tourner;
    ∎ we turned off at junction 5 nous avons pris la sortie d'autoroute 5
    (b) (switch off) s'éteindre;
    ∎ the heater turns off automatically l'appareil de chauffage s'éteint ou s'arrête automatiquement
    ➲ turn on
    (a) (switch on → electricity, heating, light, radio, television) allumer; (→ engine) mettre en marche; (→ water) faire couler; (→ tap) ouvrir; (open at mains) ouvrir;
    ∎ figurative she can turn on the charm/the tears whenever necessary elle sait faire du charme/pleurer quand il le faut
    (b) familiar (person → interest) intéresser□ ; (→ sexually) exciter; (→ introduce to drugs) initier à la drogue□ ;
    ∎ to be turned on (sexually) être excité;
    ∎ the movie didn't turn me on at all le film ne m'a vraiment pas emballé;
    ∎ he turned us on to this new pianist il nous a fait découvrir ce nouveau pianiste
    (attack) attaquer;
    ∎ the dogs turned on him les chiens l'ont attaqué ou se sont jetés sur lui;
    ∎ his colleagues turned on him and accused him of stealing ses collègues s'en sont pris à lui et l'ont accusé de vol
    (take drugs) se droguer
    (a) (switch on) s'allumer;
    ∎ the oven turns on automatically le four s'allume automatiquement
    (b) (depend, hinge on) dépendre de, reposer sur;
    ∎ the whole case turned on or upon this detail toute l'affaire reposait sur ce détail;
    ∎ everything turns on whether he continues as president tout dépend s'il reste président ou non
    (a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ gas) éteindre, couper
    ∎ she turns her toes out when she walks elle marche en canard
    (c) (dismiss, expel) mettre à la porte; (tenant) expulser, déloger;
    ∎ he turned his daughter out of the house il a mis sa fille à la porte ou a chassé sa fille de la maison;
    ∎ he was turned out of his job il a été renvoyé
    (d) (empty → container, pockets) retourner, vider; (→ contents) vider; (→ jelly) verser;
    ∎ turn the cake out onto a plate démoulez le gâteau sur une assiette
    (e) British (clean) nettoyer à fond;
    ∎ to turn out a room faire une pièce à fond
    (f) (produce) produire, fabriquer;
    ∎ he turns out a book a year il écrit un livre par an;
    ∎ few schools turn out the kind of people we need peu d'écoles forment le type de gens qu'il nous faut
    (g) (police, troops) envoyer;
    ∎ turn out the guard! faites sortir la garde!
    (h) (usu passive) (dress) habiller;
    ∎ nicely or smartly turned out élégant;
    ∎ he was turned out in a suit and a tie il portait un costume-cravate;
    ∎ she always turns her children out beautifully elle habille toujours bien ses enfants
    (a) (show up) venir, arriver; Military (guard) (aller) prendre la faction; (troops) aller au rassemblement;
    ∎ thousands turned out for the concert des milliers de gens sont venus ou ont assisté au concert;
    ∎ the doctor had to turn out in the middle of the night le docteur a dû se déplacer au milieu de la nuit
    (b) (car, person) sortir, partir;
    ∎ the car turned out of the car park la voiture est sortie du parking
    ∎ my feet turn out j'ai les pieds en canard ou en dehors
    (d) (prove) se révéler, s'avérer;
    ∎ his statement turned out to be false sa déclaration s'est révélée fausse;
    ∎ her story turned out to be true ce qu'elle a raconté était vrai;
    ∎ he turned out to be a scoundrel il s'est révélé être un vaurien, on s'est rendu compte que c'était un vaurien;
    ∎ it turns out that… il se trouve que… + indicative
    ∎ I don't know how it turned out je ne sais pas comment cela a fini;
    ∎ how did the cake turn out? le gâteau était-il réussi?;
    ∎ the story turned out happily l'histoire s'est bien terminée ou a bien fini;
    ∎ the evening turned out badly la soirée a mal tourné;
    ∎ everything will turn out fine tout va s'arranger ou ira bien;
    ∎ as it turns out, he needn't have worried en l'occurrence ou en fin de compte, ce n'était pas la peine de se faire du souci
    (f) British familiar (get out of bed) se lever□, sortir du lit□
    (a) (playing card, mattress, person, stone) retourner; (page) tourner; (vehicle) retourner; (boat) faire chavirer;
    ∎ I was turning over the pages of the magazine je feuilletais la revue;
    ∎ figurative to turn over a new leaf s'acheter une conduite;
    ∎ Agriculture to turn over the soil retourner la terre
    (b) (consider) réfléchir à ou sur;
    ∎ I was turning the idea over in my mind je tournais et retournais ou ruminais l'idée dans ma tête
    (c) (hand over, transfer) rendre, remettre;
    ∎ he turned the responsibility over to his deputy il s'est déchargé de la responsabilité sur son adjoint;
    ∎ to turn sb over to the authorities livrer qn aux autorités
    (d) (change) transformer, changer;
    ∎ he's turning the land over to cattle farming il reconvertit sa terre dans l'élevage du bétail
    ∎ the store turns over £1,000 a week la boutique fait un chiffre d'affaires de 1000 livres par semaine
    (g) British familiar (rob → person) voler□, dévaliser□ ; (→ store) dévaliser□ ; (→ house) cambrioler□
    (a) (roll over → person) se retourner; (→ vehicle) se retourner, faire un tonneau; (→ boat) se retourner, chavirer
    (b) (engine) commencer à tourner
    (c) (when reading) tourner;
    (d) Television (change channel) changer de chaîne
    (e) Commerce (merchandise) s'écouler, se vendre
    (a) (rotate → person) se retourner; (→ object) tourner;
    ∎ she turned round and waved goodbye elle se retourna et dit au revoir de la main;
    ∎ the dancers turned round and round les danseurs tournaient ou tournoyaient (sur eux-mêmes)
    (b) (face opposite direction → person) faire volte-face, faire demi-tour; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;
    ∎ figurative she turned round and accused us of stealing elle s'est retournée contre nous et nous a accusés de vol
    (a) (rotate → head) tourner; (→ object, person) tourner, retourner; (→ vehicle) faire faire demi-tour à;
    ∎ could you turn the car round please? tu peux faire demi-tour, s'il te plaît?
    ∎ to turn a situation round renverser une situation;
    ∎ Commerce to turn a company round sauver une entreprise de la faillite
    (d) (sentence, idea) retourner
    (a) (person) se tourner vers; (→ page) aller à;
    ∎ turn to chapter one allez au premier chapitre
    (b) (seek help from) s'adresser à, se tourner vers;
    ∎ to turn to sb for advice consulter qn, demander conseil à qn;
    ∎ I don't know who to turn to je ne sais pas à qui m'adresser ou qui aller trouver;
    ∎ he turned to his mother for sympathy il s'est tourné vers sa mère pour qu'elle le console;
    ∎ she won't turn to me for help elle ne veut pas me demander de l'aide;
    ∎ he turned to the bottle il s'est mis à boire
    (c) figurative (shift, move on to)
    ∎ her thoughts turned to her sister elle se mit à penser à sa sœur;
    ∎ the discussion turned to the war on se mit à discuter de la guerre
    (d) (address → subject, issue etc) aborder, traiter;
    ∎ we shall now turn to the problem of housing nous allons maintenant aborder le problème du logement;
    ∎ let us turn to another topic passons à un autre sujet
    ➲ turn up
    (a) (heat, lighting, radio, TV) mettre plus fort;
    ∎ to turn the sound up augmenter ou monter le volume;
    ∎ she turned the oven up elle a mis ou réglé le four plus fort, elle a augmenté la température du four;
    ∎ British very familiar turn it up! la ferme!
    (b) (find, unearth) découvrir, dénicher; (buried object) déterrer;
    ∎ her research turned up some interesting new facts sa recherche a révélé de nouveaux détails intéressants
    (c) (point upwards) remonter, relever;
    ∎ she has a turned-up nose elle a le nez retroussé
    (d) (collar) relever; (trousers) remonter; (sleeve) retrousser, remonter; (in order to shorten) raccourcir en faisant un ourlet
    (e) (uncover → card) retourner
    (a) (appear) apparaître; (arrive) arriver;
    ∎ she turned up at my office this morning elle s'est présentée à mon bureau ce matin;
    ∎ he'll turn up again one of these days il reviendra bien un de ces jours;
    ∎ I'll take the first job that turns up je prendrai le premier poste qui se présentera
    (b) (be found) être trouvé ou retrouvé;
    ∎ her bag turned up eventually elle a fini par retrouver son sac
    (c) (happen) se passer, arriver;
    ∎ don't worry, something will turn up ne t'en fais pas, tu finiras par trouver quelque chose;
    ∎ until something better turns up en attendant mieux
    ✾ Book ✾ Music 'The Turn of the Screw' James, Britten 'Le Tour d'écrou'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > turn

  • 9 even

    I
    1. i:vən adjective
    1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) uniforme, constante
    2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) liso, llano
    3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) regular
    4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) par
    5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) empatado
    6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) constante, tranquilo

    2. verb
    1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) igualar
    2) (to make smooth or level.) allanar, nivelar
    •
    - evenness
    - be/get even with
    - an even chance
    - even out
    - even up
    II i:vən adverb
    1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) ni siquiera
    2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) todavía más, aún más
    •
    - even so
    - even though
    even1 adj
    1. llano / liso / plano
    2. uniforme / regular / constante
    3. igualado / empatado
    now we're even! ¡ya estamos en paz!
    even2 adv
    1. hasta / incluso / aun
    the weather is always bad, even in summer siempre hace mal tiempo, incluso en verano
    2. aún / todavía
    Monday was cold, but today it's even colder el lunes hizo frío, pero hoy hace más aún
    3. ni siquiera
    even though aunque / a pesar de que
    tr['iːvən]
    1 (level, flat) llano,-a, plano,-a; (smooth) liso,-a
    2 (regular, steady) uniforme, regular, constante
    3 (evenly balanced) igual, igualado,-a
    4 (equal in measure, quantity, number) igual
    ■ add even amounts of milk and water añadir igual cantidad de leche y agua, añadir leche y agua a partes iguales
    5 (number) par
    6 (placid - character) apacible, tranquilo,-a; (- voice) imperturbable
    7 (on the same level as) a nivel ( with, de)
    1 hasta, incluso, aun
    ■ it's always sunny, even in winter siempre hace sol, incluso en invierno
    ■ it's open every day, even on Sundays abren cada día, incluso los domingos
    2 (with negative) siquiera, ni siquiera
    3 (before comparative) aun, todavía
    1 (level) nivelar, allanar
    2 (score) igualar; (situation) equilibrar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    even as mientras, justo cuando
    even if aun si, aunque
    even now incluso ahora, aun ahora
    even so incluso así, aun así, a pesar de eso
    even then incluso entonces, aun entonces
    even though aunque, aun cuando
    to be even with somebody estar en paz con alguien
    to break even cubrir gastos
    to get even with somebody desquitarse con alguien
    ■ I'll get even with you! ¡me las pagarás!
    even chances cincuenta por ciento de posibilidades
    even ['i:vən] vt
    1) level: allanar, nivelar, emparejar
    2) equalize: igualar, equilibrar
    even vi
    to even out : nivelarse, emparejarse
    even adv
    1) : hasta, incluso
    even a child can do it: hasta un niño puede hacerlo
    he looked content, even happy: se le veía satisfecho, incluso feliz
    he didn't even try: ni siquiera lo intentó
    3) (in comparisons) : aún, todavía
    even better: aún mejor, todavía mejor
    4)
    even if : aunque
    5)
    even so : aun así
    6)
    even though : aun cuando, a pesar de que
    even adj
    1) smooth: uniforme, liso, parejo
    2) flat: plano, llano
    3) equal: igual, igualado
    an even score: un marcador igualado
    4) regular: regular, constante
    an even pace: un ritmo constante
    5) exact: exacto, justo
    6) : par
    even number: número par
    7)
    to be even : estar en paz, estar a mano
    8)
    to get even : desquitarse, vengarse
    adj.
    • exacto, -a adj.
    • igual adj.
    • imparcial adj.
    • liso, -a adj.
    • llano, -a adj.
    • par (Matemática) adj.
    • parejero, -a adj.
    • parejo, -a adj.
    • plano, -a adj.
    • uniforme adj.
    adv.
    • aun adv.
    • aún adv.
    • hasta adv.
    • incluso adv.
    • siquiera adv.
    conj.
    • aun conj.
    v.
    • allanar v.
    • igualar v.

    I 'iːvən
    1)
    a) hasta, incluso

    even now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años

    b) (with neg)
    c) (with comparative) aún, todavía

    even if — aunque (+ subj)

    even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría

    even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que


    II
    1)
    a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniforme
    b) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante
    2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igual

    so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano

    to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios

    I'll get even with her — me las pagará


    III
    1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar
    2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ['iːvǝn]
    1. ADJ
    1) (=smooth, flat) [surface, ground] plano

    to make sth even — nivelar algo, allanar algo

    2) (=uniform) [speed, temperature, progress] constante; [breathing] regular; [distribution, colour, work] uniforme
    keel
    3) (=equal) [quantities, distances] igual; [distribution] equitativo

    • to break even — llegar a cubrir los gastos

    • he has an even chance of winning the election — (Brit) tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar las elecciones que de perderlas, tiene un cincuenta por ciento de posibilidades de ganar las elecciones

    • to get even with sb — ajustar cuentas con algn

    I'll get even with you for that! — ¡me las pagarás por eso! *

    • that makes us even — (in game) así quedamos empatados; (regarding money) así quedamos en paz or (LAm) a mano

    • they are an even match — (in sports, games) los dos son igual de buenos; (fig) no le tiene nada que envidiar el uno al otro

    • I'll give you even money that Arsenal will win — (Brit) para mí que Arsenal tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar que de perder

    • the odds are about even — (Brit) las posibilidades son más o menos iguales

    • our score is even — estamos igualados or empatados

    • to be even with sb — (in game) estar igualado con algn; (regarding money) estar en paz or (LAm) a mano con algn

    - give sb an even break
    even-handed, even-stevens
    4) (=calm)

    • he has an even temper — no se altera fácilmente

    • to say sth with an even voice — decir algo sin alterar la voz

    even-tempered
    5) (=not odd) [number] par
    2. ADV
    1) hasta, incluso

    I have even forgotten his name — hasta or incluso he olvidado su nombre

    even on Sundays — hasta or incluso los domingos

    even the priest was there — hasta or incluso el cura estaba allí

    pick them all, even the little ones — recógelos todos incluso los pequeños

    even I know that! — ¡eso lo sé hasta yo!

    2) (with compar adj or adv) aún, todavía

    even faster — aún or todavía más rápido

    even better — aún or todavía mejor

    even more easily — aún or todavía más fácilmente

    even less money — aún or todavía menos dinero

    • not even... — ni siquiera...

    don't even think about it! — ¡ni lo pienses!

    • without even reading it — sin leerlo siquiera

    • even as, even as he spoke the door opened — en ese mismo momento se abrió la puerta

    even as he had wished it — frm exactamente como él lo había deseado

    • even if — aunque + subjun, incluso si + subjun

    even if you tried — aunque lo intentaras, incluso si lo intentaras, así lo procuraras (LAm)

    • not... even if, not even if, he won't talk to you even if you do go there — no hablará contigo aunque vayas allí

    I couldn't be prouder, not even if you were my own son — no me sentiría más orgulloso, aunque fuera mi propio hijo

    • even now — todavía

    even now, you could still change your mind — todavía estás a tiempo de cambiar de idea

    • even so — aun así

    even so he was disappointed — aun así, quedó decepcionado

    yes but even so... — sí, pero aun así...

    • even then — aun así

    • even though — aunque

    he didn't listen, even though he knew I was right — no me hizo caso, aunque sabía que tenía razón

    • even when — incluso cuando

    he never gets depressed, even when things go badly — nunca se deprime, incluso or ni siquiera cuando las cosas andan mal

    we were never in love, not even when we got married — nunca estuvimos enamorados, ni siquiera cuando nos casamos

    3. VT
    1) (=smooth, flatten) [+ surface, ground] nivelar, allanar
    2) (=equalize) igualar

    • to even the score — (lit) igualar el marcador

    he was determined to even the score — (=get revenge) estaba decidido or empeñado a desquitarse

    4.
    evens
    NPL (esp Brit)
    * * *

    I ['iːvən]
    1)
    a) hasta, incluso

    even now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años

    b) (with neg)
    c) (with comparative) aún, todavía

    even if — aunque (+ subj)

    even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría

    even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que


    II
    1)
    a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniforme
    b) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante
    2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igual

    so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano

    to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios

    I'll get even with her — me las pagará


    III
    1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar
    2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > even

  • 10 wonder

    1. noun
    1) (the state of mind produced by something unexpected or extraordinary: He was full of wonder at the amazing sight.) začudenje
    2) (something strange, unexpected or extraordinary: the Seven Wonders of the World; You work late so often that it's a wonder you don't take a bed to the office!) čudo
    3) (the quality of being strange or unexpected: The wonder of the discovery is that it was only made ten years ago.) nenavadnost
    2. verb
    1) (to be surprised: Caroline is very fond of John - I shouldn't wonder if she married him.) čuditi se
    2) (to feel curiosity or doubt: Have you ever wondered about his reasons for wanting this money?) spraševati se
    3) (to feel a desire to know: I wonder what the news is.) hoteti vedeti
    •
    - wonderfully
    - wonderingly
    - wonderland
    - wondrous
    - no wonder
    * * *
    I [wʌndə]
    noun
    čudo; nekaj čudovitega, osupljivega; čudežen dogodek, čudežno delo, čudež; (za)čudenje, začudenost
    for a wonder — čudežno; presenetljivo; čudno
    (it is) no wonder that... — nič čudnega (ni), da...
    he kept his word, for a wonder — za čuda je držal svojo besedo
    he swore and no wonder — zaklel je, in nič čudnega (če je)
    II [wʌndə]
    intransitive verb (za)čuditi se (at, about s.th. čemu); razmišljati (o čem), hoteti vedeti, biti radoveden, spraševati se
    Oh! I just wondered! — O, nič! kar takó, samo vpraševal sem se
    I wonder who said it — rad bi vedel (sprašujem se, bogve), kdo je to rekel
    Is that true? -- I wonder. — Je to res? -- Bogve.
    well, I wonder — no, ne vem (prav)
    I have often wondered what would happen if... — često sem se spraševal, kaj bi se zgodilo, če...

    English-Slovenian dictionary > wonder

  • 11 show

    1. I
    1) a scar (a mark of a wound, etc.) shows шрам и т.д. виден /заметен/; а stain shows проступает пятно; does my slip show? у меня не выглядывает комбинация?; your straps are showing у тебя бретельки видны
    2) time will show время покажет
    2. II
    1) show in some manner the pattern shows plainly рисунок ясно виден /четко проступает/; show at some time buds are just showing почки только начинают появляться; the scar still shows шрам еще заметен
    3. III
    show smth.
    1) show one's new hat (one's books, one's designs, a specimen of his new work, etc.) показывать свою новую шляпу и т.д.; show a film показывать /демонстрировать/ фильм; show a cheap line of goods выставлять /демонстрировать/ дешевые товары; show one's wares разложить свои товары; show one's tickets (one's passport, one's licence, etc.) предъявлять билеты и т.д.; show the contents of your pockets покажи, что [там] у тебя в карманах; show one's legs (one's breast, one's arms, etc.) обнажать ноги и т.д.; that dress shows your underwear из-под этого платья у вас видно нижнее белье; show one's teeth оскалить зубы; show one's face /one's nose/ появляться, показываться
    2) show signs of intelligence (signs of use, no signs of wear, great improvement, more learning, a noble spirit, taste, a great deal of originality, unexpected daring, etc.) обнаруживать признаки ума и т.д.; he showed no signs of life он не проявлял признаков жизни; he showed no sign of having heard anything он и виду не подал, что что-то слышал; his cheeks showed two red patches на его щеках выступили два красных пятна; he shows his age по нему видно, что он немолод; his face showed his delight (his pleasure) его лицо выражало восторг (удовольствие); she showed neither joy nor anger она не проявляла ни радости, ни злости, по ней не было видно, радуется она или злится; try not to show any emotion постарайтесь не показывать никаких эмоций /не показывать виду, что вы волнуетесь/; show one's true character показывать свой истинный характер; show resemblance обнаруживать сходство, быть похожим; show (great) promise подавать (большие) надежды; show good judgement судить здраво, проявлять трезвый подход к вещам; show favour (courage, intelligence, etc.) проявлять благосклонность и т.д.; show one's hand /one's cards/ раскрыть свой карты
    3) show the existence of smth. (the impossibility of doing smth., the falsity of the tale, the absurdity of the explanation, etc.) показывать /доказывать/ существование чего-л. и т.д.; his edginess shows a lack of self-confidence его нервозность говорит о неуверенности в себе
    4) show time (the hour, speed, the way, a loss, a net profit of t 1000, etc.) показывать время и т.д.; the indicator shows a speed of 60 miles an hour счетчик /спидометр/ показывает скорость [в] шестьдесят миль в час
    5) a light carpet will show the dirt на светлом ковре будет видна /заметна/ грязь; the picture shows three figures на картине изображены три фигуры
    4. IV
    1) show smth. in some manner show smth. openly (reluctantly, occasionally, etc.) выставлять /показывать, демонстрировать/ что-л. открыто и т.д.; show smth. somewhere show smth. here and there выставлять /показывать/ что-л. повсюду; never show your face again here не смей здесь больше показываться, чтоб и носа твоего здесь не было
    2) show smth. in some manner show smth. clearly (obviously, distinctly, etc.) ясно и т.д. обнаруживать /проявлять/ что-л.
    3) show smth. in some manner show smth. conclusively (fully, unequivocally, clearly, partly, subsequently, etc.) убедительно и т.д. показывать /доказывать/ что-л.
    4) show smb. somewhere show smb. upstairs (downstairs, out) проводить кого-л. наверх (вниз, к выходу); show him in приведите его сюда
    5. V
    show smb. smth.
    1) show the teacher your hands (him your new hat, the children some interesting pictures, me what is inside, etc.) показать учителю руки и т.д.; what can I show you, madam? что вам угодно, мадам? (в магазине, ателье и т.п.); show smb. the way показывать кому-л. дорогу, объяснять кому-л., как пройти; show smb. the way to town (to the village, to the station, etc.) объяснять /показывать/ кому-л., как пройти в город и т.д.; show smb. the way to learn languages (to master the art, to achieve one's ends, etc.) объяснять кому-л., как изучать языки и т.д.; show smb. the door указать кому-л. на дверь id I could show him a thing or two coll. я могу ему кое-что показать
    2) show smb. kindness (great favour, indifference, etc.) проявлять доброту и т.д. по отношению к кому-л.; he showed me great sympathy when I was in trouble он проявил ко мне большее участие, когда я попал в беду
    6. VII
    show smb. to be smb. show smb. to be a rascal (to be a coward, etc.) показать /доказать/, что кто-л. подлец и т.д.; show smb. how to do smth. show smb. how to operate this machine (how to draw a chart, etc.) показать кому-л., как работать на этой машине и т.д.; show me how to read (how to write, how to do the problem, etc.) научи меня читать и т.д.; show smb. what to do показать кому-л. /научать кого-л. /, что делать
    7. XI
    1) be shown to smb. I won't believe it unless it's shown to me я не поверю, пока мне этого не покажут; be shown (on) smth. the roads are shown in red дороги обозначены красным; as shown in the illustration (in the table, in the graph, in the statement above, etc.) как показано на рисунке и т.д.; the place shown on the map место, указанное на карте; machine shown in section машина, показанная в разрезе
    2) be shown (in)to (out of) smth. I was shown into the room меня провели в комнату; I was shown to the gates меня проводили до ворот; he was shown out of the office его выпроводили из кабинета; be shown over (round, through) smth. the visitors were shown all over (round) the city приезжих водили по (всему) городу: I was shown through the rooms of the hotel мне показали номера гостиницы
    3) be shown in some manner that... it can easily be shown that... нетрудно доказать, что...
    8. XV
    show to be in some state the house shows white from here отсюда дом выглядит белым; oil paintings show best at a distance картины маслом лучше смотреть на расстоянии
    9. XVI
    show from some place show from the top of the mountain (from a great distance, from here, etc.) виднеться /быть видным/ с вершины горы и т.д.; show through (above, below, etc.) smth. show through the fog (through the trees, above the wood, below the water, etc.) быть видным /виднеться/ сквозь туман и т.д.; the veins show under the skin вены просвечивают через кожу; show on smth. the buds are already showing on the trees на деревьях появились почки || show in smb.'s face /in smb.'s expression/ отражаться на лице; anger showed in his face на его лице отразился /был написан/ гнев
    10. XVIII
    1) show oneself after the play the audience called for the author to show himself по окончании спектакля публика потребовала, чтобы вышел автор; the sun has shown itself above the horizon солнце появилось над горизонтом
    2) show oneself as being of some quality show oneself cruel (generous, very friendly, etc.) проявить жестокость и т.д.; show oneself smb. show oneself a first-rate leader проявить себя первоклассным организатором; show oneself a practical man доказать свою практичность; show oneself a coward показывать свою трусость; he showed himself as accommodating as possible он доказал свою необыкновенную сговорчивость; show oneself to be smth. he showed himself to be unreliable он показал себя ненадежным человеком
    11. XIX1
    show like smth. show like a disk (like a small dot, etc.) казаться /выглядеть/ диском и т.д.; the building shows from here like a dark streak отсюда здание кажется темной полосой
    12. XX1
    show as smth. the yacht only shows as a dot on the skyline яхта кажется всего лишь точкой на горизонте
    13. XXI1
    1) show smth. on (at, in, etc.) smth. show a place on a map (a face on a picture, appoint on a diagram, etc.) показывать место на карте и т.д.; show one's flowers at a flower-show (specimens of fruit and vegetables at an annual show, pictures at the Academy, goods in a window, butterflies in glass cases, etc.) выставлять свой цветы на выставке и т.д.; what are they showing at the theatre? что идет в театре?; show the way to smth. show the way to the theatre (to the centre of the city, etc.) указать дорогу к театру и т.д., рассказать /объяснить/, как пройти к театру и т.д.; the signpost shows the way to London указатель показывает дорогу на Лондон; show smth. to smb. show the picture to all his friends (your tongue to the doctor, etc.) показывать картину всем его друзьям и т.д.; have you shown this to anyone? вы это кому-нибудь показывали?
    2) show smb. into (out of) smth. show him into the room (the visitor into his den, the man out of his study, etc.) проводить его в комнату и т.д.; show smb. to some place show the man to the door (to the gate, to the exit, etc.) проводить человека до двери /дверей/ и т.д.; show smb. to his seat проводить кого-л. на место; show smb. over (all over, round) smth. show smb. [all] over the house (round the plant, over the ship, round the city, etc.) показать кому-л. дом и т.д., водить кого-л. по дому и т.д.
    3) show smth. for (towards, with, at) smth., smb. show a taste for work (a liking for music, affection for the child, respect for him, sympathy with the girl, hatred towards the enemy, jealousy towards her husband, etc.) проявлять вкус к работе и т.д.; show admiration for smb. выражать восхищение [перед] кем-л.; show regard /consideration/ for smb. считаться с кем-л., проявлять уважение к кому-л.; show displeasure at smb.'s appearance (no emotion at their words, etc.) обнаруживать /показывать/ неудовольствие при чьем-л. появлении и т.д.; he showed his pleasure at the news новость его явно обрадовала; show smth. in smth., smb. show zeal in one's work (interest in her brother, etc.) проявлять рвение в работе и т.д. || show mercy on smb. проявлять милосердие /сострадание/ к кому-л., щадить кого-л.
    4) show smth. in smth. show a rise in temperature (a fall in prices, etc.) показывать повышение температуры и т.д.; this shows a decline in prosperity это служит показателем понижения уровня благосостояния; the chart shows a rise in birthrates диаграмма показывает прирост /увеличение/ рождаемости; show smth. between smth. show the relation between smth. and smth. обнаруживать отношение /связь/ между чем-л. и чем-л.; the experiment shows the relation between work and heat эксперимент подтверждает /указывает на/ существование связи между работой и тепловой энергией
    14. XXV
    1) show what... (how..., etc.) we will show what he was doing мы покажем, что он делал; the diagram shows how this device works диаграмма объясняет, как работает это устройство he showed that he was annoyed no нему было видно, что он недоволен
    2) show that... (why..., how..., etc.) show that it is true (that it is silly, why he needed the book, how false it was, how much he felt it, etc.) доказывать /объяснять/, что это правда и т.д.; it only shows how little you know (that I was right, that you were not telling the truth, etc.) это только говорит о том, как вы мало знаете и т.д.; that /it/ goes to show that... это свидетельствует о том, что...; nothing seemed to show that he was guilty ничто, казалось, не указывало на его виновность XXIV show me what you have in your bag покажите, что у вас в сумке

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > show

  • 12 come

    I 1. [kʌm] гл.; прош. вр. came; прич. прош. вр. come
    1) приходить, подходить; идти

    to come back — вернуться, возвратиться

    to come forward — выходить вперёд, выступать

    I think it's time to come back to the most important question: who is to pay for the new building? — Я думаю, пора вернуться к самому важному вопросу - кто оплатит строительство нового здания?

    We'd like to come back next year. — На следующий год мы бы хотели снова приехать сюда.

    He'll never come back to her. — Он никогда к ней не вернётся.

    Just then a bus came by so we got on and rode home. — Мимо как раз проезжал автобус, мы сели и доехали до дома.

    Move aside, please, the firemen want to come by. — Расступитесь, пожалуйста, пожарным нужно пройти.

    Godfather, come and see your boy. — Крёстный отец, подойдите же и посмотрите на своего мальчика.

    Mary came down the stairs. — Мэри спустилась по лестнице.

    The plane came down safely in spite of the mist. — Самолёт благополучно приземлился, несмотря на туман.

    Leave them alone and they'll come home, bringing their tails behind them. — Оставь их в покое и они вернутся с поджатыми хвостами.

    She comes and goes at her will. — Она приходит и уходит, когда ей заблагорассудится.

    A tall man came out from behind the screen. — Из-за перегородки вышел высокий мужчина.

    The family must come together for the parents' silver wedding. — На серебряную свадьбу родителей должна собраться вся семья.

    Syn:
    Ant:
    go 1., leave II
    2)
    а) приезжать, прибывать

    We have come many miles by train. — Мы приехали на поезде издалека.

    Syn:
    б) = come in / through прибывать (о поезде, пароходе)
    Syn:
    Ant:
    leave II
    3) ( come into) = come in входить

    The door opened and the children came into the room. — Открылась дверь, и в комнату вошли дети.

    "Come in!" called the director when he heard the knock at his door. — "Войдите!" - сказал директор, услышав стук в дверь.

    Syn:
    4) = come in поступать ( об информации)

    News of the death of the famous actress began coming in just as we were starting the broadcast. — К началу передачи пришло известие о смерти знаменитой актрисы.

    I haven't a lot of money coming in just now. — У меня сейчас не очень большие доходы.

    Syn:
    Ant:
    5)
    а) доходить, доставать, достигать

    The window came down to the ground. — Окно доходило до земли.

    б) доходить, долетать, доноситься

    A message came down to the boys that they were to be ready. — Мальчикам передали, чтобы они приготовились.

    The wind came off the ocean. — С океана дул ветер.

    A pleasant female voice came over the phone. — В трубке послышался приятный женский голос.

    Syn:
    reach I 2.
    6) = come out at равняться, составлять; простираться (до какого-л. предела, границы)

    The bill comes to 357 pounds. — Счёт составляет 357 фунтов.

    Overall costs come out at 5,709 dollars. — Общие издержки составят 5709 долларов.

    7) ( come to) = come down to сводиться (к чему-л.)

    His speech comes to this: the country is deeply in debt. — Вся его речь сводится к одному: страна увязла в долгах.

    When it all comes down, there isn't much in his story. — По большому счёту, в его истории нет ничего особенного.

    The whole matter comes down to a power struggle between the trade union and the directors. — Всё сводится к противостоянию профсоюза и совета директоров.

    Syn:
    8) приходить в соприкосновение с (чем-л.), вступать в связь с (чем-л.)

    to come into contact with smth. — дотрагиваться до чего-л.

    The carbines will come into play. — В игру вступят карабины.

    The boat came into collision with a steamer. — Лодка столкнулась с пароходом.

    9) переходить в другое состояние, фазу

    to come into blossom / flower — распускаться, раскрываться ( о цветке); зацвести ( о дереве)

    10) ( come to) приступать к (какому-л. делу), обращаться к (какому-л. вопросу)

    Now I come to the question which you asked. — Теперь я перехожу к вопросу, который вы задали.

    11) = come about / along случаться, происходить (с кем-л. / чем-л.)

    come what may — будь, что будет

    to have it coming to one — заслуживать того, что с ним случается ( о человеке)

    I'm sorry he got caught by the police, but after all, he had it coming (to him), didn't he? — Мне очень жаль, что его арестовали, но ведь он сам во всём виноват, не так ли?

    Don't know what will come of the boy if he keeps failing his examinations. — Не знаю, что станет с этим парнем, если он и дальше будет проваливаться на экзаменах.

    Peace can only come about if each side agrees to yield to the other. — Мир настанет только тогда, когда обе стороны пойдут на уступки.

    How did it come about that the man was dismissed? — Как так случилось, что его уволили?

    Trouble comes along when you least expect it. — Неприятности происходят именно тогда, когда их меньше всего ждёшь.

    Take every chance that comes along. — Пользуйся любой предоставляющейся возможностью.

    Syn:
    12) ( come to)
    а) приходить (в какое-л. состояние); достигать (каких-л. результатов)

    A compromise was come to. — Был достигнут компромисс.

    The boy has no character, he will never come to much. — У этого парня слабый характер, он ничего особенного не добьётся в жизни.

    I'm disappointed that my efforts have come to so little. — Я разочарован, что мои усилия принесли так мало результатов.

    б) = come down to опуститься (до чего-л.), докатиться

    He came down to selling matches on street corners. — Он докатился до того, что торгует спичками на улицах.

    13) делаться, становиться

    a dream that came true — мечта, ставшая явью

    14) предстоять, ожидаться

    (which is) to come — грядущий; будущий

    15) появляться, встречаться

    This word comes on page 200. — Это слово встречается на странице 200.

    16) = come up прорастать, всходить

    He sowed turnips, but none of them came. — Он посеял репу, но она не взошла.

    17) груб.; = come off кончить ( испытать оргазм)
    18) получаться, выходить

    He repainted the figure, but it wouldn't come well. — Он заново нарисовал фигуру, но она всё равно не получилась.

    No good could come of it. — Из этого не могло получиться ничего хорошего.

    19) = come in поставляться ( о товарах); поступать в продажу

    The car comes with or without the rear wing. — Машина поставляется в двух модификациях - с задним крылом и без заднего крыла.

    These shoes come with a 30 day guarantee. — Эти туфли продаются с гарантией на один месяц.

    The new crop of tobacco will be coming in soon. — Скоро в продаже появится новый урожай табака.

    As soon as the fresh vegetables come in, we put them on sale. — Как только к нам поступают свежие овощи, мы сразу выставляем их на продажу.

    20) разг.; = come along / on
    а) давай, двигай вперёд

    Come along, children, or we'll be late! — Поторапливайтесь, дети, а то опоздаем!

    Come along, Jane, you can do better than that. — Давай, Джейн, постарайся, ты же можешь сделать лучше.

    б) ври дальше; мели, Емеля, твоя неделя

    Oh, come along! I know better than that! — Кому вы рассказываете! Я лучше знаю.

    в) стой, погоди
    21) come + прич. наст. вр. (начать) делать что-л. ( указанное причастием)

    The fog came pouring in at every chink and keyhole. (Ch. Dickens, Christmas Carol, 1843) — Туман заползал в каждую щель, просачивался в каждую замочную скважину. (пер. Т. Озерской)

    22) come + инф. прийти к чему-л.; дойти до того, чтобы сделать что-л.

    to come to know smb. better — лучше узнать кого-л.

    to come to find out — случайно обнаружить, узнать

    23) = come next / on идти, следовать за (кем-л. / чем-л.)

    I can never remember which king came after which. — Никогда не мог запомнить, какой король шёл за каким.

    Mrs Brown was the first to arrive, and her daughter came next. — Первой приехала миссис Браун, затем - её дочь.

    I'll go ahead, and you come on later. — Сначала пойду я, потом ты.

    The military government refused to allow the people their right to vote, what came next was violence. — Военное правительство отказало людям в праве голосовать, и в результате начались беспорядки.

    My family comes first, and my work comes next. — На первом месте для меня семья, на втором - работа.

    Syn:
    24) ( come after) преследовать кого-л., гнаться за кем-л., искать кого-л., домогаться кого-л.

    I saw a big dog coming after me. — Я увидел, что за мной гонится огромная собака.

    25) ( come at) нападать, набрасываться на кого-л.

    He allegedly came at Jim with a knife. — Как утверждают, он напал на Джима с ножом.

    26) ( come at) получить доступ к чему-л., добраться до кого-л. / чего-л.; найти, обнаружить, установить (правду, причины, факты)

    Put the food where the cat can't come at it. — Положи еду туда, где её не достанет кошка.

    I wanted to reply to your letter in detail, but I can't come at it anywhere. — Я хотел подробно ответить на ваше письмо, но нигде не могу его найти.

    It is always difficult to come at the truth. — Всегда трудно докопаться до истины.

    27) ( come before) предшествовать чему-л.

    Did the invention of the telephone come before the end of the 19th century? — Телефон изобрели ещё до конца девятнадцатого века?

    28) ( come before) превосходить кого-л. рангом; быть более важным, чем что-л.

    Consideration of a fellow worker's health must come before my own professional pride. — Я должен прежде думать о здоровье коллеги и лишь потом о собственной профессиональной гордости.

    29) ( come before) представать (перед судом или какой-л. официальной организацией); рассматриваться ( в суде)

    When you come before the judge, you must speak the exact truth. — Когда ты говоришь в суде, ты должен говорить чистую правду.

    The witness of the accident did not come before the court. — Свидетель этого происшествия не предстал перед судом.

    Your suggestion came before the board of directors yesterday, but I haven't heard the result of their meeting. — Ваше предложение было рассмотрено советом директоров вчера, но я не знаю, каков был результат.

    Syn:
    30) ( come between) вмешиваться в чьи-л. дела, вставать между кем-л.; вызывать отчуждение, разделять

    Never come between husband and wife. — Никогда не вставай между мужем и женой.

    Ten years of separation have come between them. — Их разделяли десять лет разлуки.

    Syn:
    31) ( come between) мешать кому-л. в чём-л.

    I don't like people who come between me and my work. — Я не люблю людей, которые мешают мне работать.

    32) ( come by) доставать, приобретать, находить

    It is not easy to come by a high paying job. — Не так-то просто найти высокооплачиваемую работу.

    Syn:
    33) ( come by) (случайно) получать (царапину, травму)
    Syn:
    34) ( come for) заходить за кем-л. / чем-л.

    I've come for my parcel. — Я пришёл за своей посылкой.

    I'll come for you at 8 o'clock. — Я зайду за тобой в 8 часов.

    35) ( come for) бросаться на кого-л.

    The guard dog came for me. — Сторожевая собака бросилась ко мне.

    36) (come from / of) происходить, иметь происхождение

    These words come from Latin. — Эти слова латинского происхождения.

    I came from a race of fishers. — Я из рыбацкого рода.

    He comes from a long line of singers. — Он происходит из старинного рода певцов.

    A butterfly comes from a chrysalis. — Бабочка появляется из куколки.

    She comes of a good family. — Она происходит из хорошей семьи.

    37) (come from / of) = come out from, come out of проистекать из чего-л., получаться в результате чего-л.; появляться (откуда-л.)

    Danger comes from unexpected places. — Опасность появляется оттуда, откуда не ожидаешь.

    I don't know what will come of your actions. — Не знаю, к чему приведут ваши действия.

    Syn:
    38) = come in
    а) прибывать (на работу, в учреждение), поступать ( в больницу)
    б) ( come into) вступать ( в должность), приступать ( к новым обязанностям)
    39)
    а) ( come to) = come down доставаться, переходить по наследству

    This painting belongs to us. It came through my mother. — Эта картина принадлежит нам. Она досталась мне от матери.

    The house came to me after my father's death. — Этот дом перешёл ко мне после смерти отца.

    This ring has come down in my family for two centuries. — Это кольцо передаётся в нашей семье по наследству уже два века.

    б) ( come into) получать в наследство, наследовать

    Charles came into a fortune when his father died. — Когда отец умер, Чарлз получил состояние.

    Syn:
    40) ( come into) присоединяться, вступать ( в организацию)

    Several new members have come into the club since Christmas. — С Рождества в клуб приняли несколько новых членов.

    41) ( come near) разг. быть на грани чего-л.; чуть не сделать что-л.

    The boy came near (to) falling off the high wall. — Мальчик едва не свалился с высокой стены.

    42) ( come on) снять трубку, ответить ( по телефону)

    One of the most powerful men in France came on the line. — В трубке раздался голос одного из самых влиятельных людей во Франции.

    43) (come over / (up)on) охватывать (кого-л.)

    Fear came upon him as he entered the empty house. — Когда он зашёл в пустой дом, его охватил страх.

    44) ( come through) проникать, просачиваться; пролезать, просовываться

    The first light came through the open window. — Первые лучи солнца проникли через открытое окно.

    45) ( come through) перенести, пережить (что-л. неприятное или тяжёлое); пройти через что-л.

    Bill came through his operation as cheerful as ever. — Билл перенёс операцию как обычно бодро.

    All my family came through the war. — Вся моя семья пережила войну.

    46) ( come through) = come out появляться (из-за туч; о солнце, луне, лучах)

    The sun came through the clouds for a while. — Солнце ненадолго выглянуло из-за туч.

    There was a wisp of sun coming through the mist. — Сквозь туман пробивался солнечный луч.

    47) (come across / to) приходить на ум; становиться известным (кому-л.)

    to come to smb.'s attention / notice — доходить до кого-л., становиться известным кому-л.

    It came to my knowledge that... — Я узнал, что…

    After ruminating about it for a period of time, suddenly it came to me how it could be done. — После долгих размышлений меня осенило, как можно это сделать.

    The thought came across my mind that I had met him before. — Тут мне показалось, что я видел его раньше.

    48) ( come under) подчиняться, находиться в ведении (какой-л. организации)

    This area comes under the powers of the local court. — Эта сфера подпадает под юрисдикцию местного суда.

    49) (come under / within) относиться (к чему-л.), попадать (в какой-л. раздел, категорию)

    all the paperwork that comes under the general heading of insurance — вся канцелярская работа, связанная со страхованием

    50) ( come under) подвергаться (нападению, критике, давлению)

    The town came under attack again last night. — Прошлой ночью на город снова напали.

    He came unber biting criticism at the last meeting. — На последнем собрании он подвергся жестокой критике.

    51) (come across / upon) натолкнуться на (что-л.), неожиданно найти (что-л.), случайно встретить (кого-л.)

    I came across this old photograph in the back of the drawer. — Я случайно обнаружил эту старую фотографию на дне секретера.

    A very interesting book has come across my desk. — На моём столе случайно оказалась очень интересная книга.

    Syn:
    а) нападать, атаковать

    The enemy came upon the town by night. — Враг атаковал город ночью.

    б) налетать, обрушиваться (на кого-л. / что-л.)

    The wind with lightening and thunder came on them. — На них налетел ветер с громом и молнией.

    •
    ••

    light come light go — что досталось легко, быстро исчезает

    Come again? — разг. Что ты сказал?

    to come into being / existence — возникать

    to come into season — созревать, появляться в продаже

    to come into service / use — входить в употребление

    to come into sight / view — появляться, показываться

    to come to oneself — прийти в себя; взять себя в руки

    to come to a dead end — разг. зайти в тупик

    to come to one's feet — вскочить, подняться

    not to know whether / if one is coming or going — растеряться, чувствовать себя потерянным; не знать, на каком ты свете

    I'm so upset I don't know whether I'm coming or going. — Я так расстроен, что уж и не знаю, что делать.

    - come close
    - come easy
    - come natural
    - come it too strong
    - come of age
    - come one's ways
    - come one's way
    - come clean
    - come short of smth.
    - come home
    - come to a head
    - come to hand
    - come day go day     2. [kʌm] предл.; разг.
    с наступлением, с приходом ( момента)

    ... but come summer, the beaches would be lined with rows of tents. —... но когда наступит лето, на пляжах появится множество навесов.

    II [kʌm] = cum II

    Англо-русский современный словарь > come

  • 13 side

    side [saɪd]
    côté ⇒ 1 (a)-(d), 1 (f)-(h) flanc ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (e) face ⇒ 1 (c) paroi ⇒ 1 (c) bord ⇒ 1 (d) part ⇒ 1 (f) camp, équipe, parti ⇒ 1 (h) page ⇒ 1 (k) chaîne ⇒ 1 (l) latéral ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) de côté ⇒ 2 (b) prendre parti ⇒ 3
    1 noun
    (a) (part of body → of person) côté m; (→ of animal) flanc m;
    ∎ lie on your side couchez-vous sur le côté;
    ∎ I've got a pain in my right/left side j'ai mal au côté droit/gauche;
    ∎ her fists were clenched at her sides ses poings étaient serrés le long de son corps;
    ∎ I sat down/stood at or by his side je me suis assis/j'étais debout à ses côtés ou à côté de lui;
    ∎ the child remained at her mother's side l'enfant restait à côté de sa mère;
    ∎ she was called to the president's side elle a été appelée auprès du président;
    ∎ figurative to get on sb's good/bad side s'attirer la sympathie/l'antipathie de qn
    (b) (as opposed to top, bottom, front, back) côté m;
    ∎ lay the barrel on its side mettez le fût sur le côté;
    ∎ her hair is cut short at the sides ses cheveux sont coupés court sur les côtés;
    ∎ there's a door at the side il y a une porte sur le côté;
    ∎ the bottle was on its side la bouteille était couchée;
    ∎ the car was hit from the side la voiture a subi un choc latéral
    (c) (outer surface → of cube, pyramid) côté m, face f; (inner surface → of bathtub, cave, stomach) paroi f; (of flat object → of biscuit, sheet of paper, cloth) côté m; (→ of coin, record, tape) côté m, face f;
    ∎ the sides of the crate are lined with newspaper l'intérieur de la caisse est recouvert de papier journal;
    ∎ printed on one side only imprimé d'un seul côté;
    ∎ write on both sides of the paper écrivez recto verso;
    ∎ grill for three minutes on each side passez au grill trois minutes de chaque côté;
    ∎ the right/wrong side of the cloth l'endroit m /l'envers m du tissu;
    ∎ the under/upper side of sth le dessous/le dessus de qch;
    ∎ the other side of the tape is blank l'autre face de la cassette est vierge;
    ∎ figurative the other side of the coin or picture le revers de la médaille;
    ∎ to know which side one's bread is buttered on savoir où est son intérêt
    (d) (edge → of triangle, lawn) côté m; (→ of road, pond, river, bed) bord m;
    ∎ there's a wall on three sides of the property il y a un mur sur trois côtés du terrain;
    ∎ she held on to the side of the pool elle s'accrochait au rebord de la piscine;
    ∎ a wave washed him over the side (of the ship) une vague l'emporta par-dessus bord;
    ∎ I sat on the side of the bed je me suis assis sur le bord du lit;
    ∎ I sat on or at the side of the road je me suis assis au bord de la route;
    ∎ she was kneeling by the side of the bed elle était agenouillée à côté du lit
    (e) (slope → of mountain, hill, valley) flanc m, versant m;
    ∎ the village is set on the side of a mountain le village est situé sur le flanc d'une montagne
    (f) (opposing part, away from centre) côté m;
    ∎ on the other side of the room/wall de l'autre côté de la pièce/du mur;
    ∎ on or to one side of the door d'un côté de la porte;
    ∎ you're driving on the wrong side! vous conduisez du mauvais côté!;
    ∎ on the left/right hand side à (main) gauche/droite;
    ∎ on the south side du côté sud;
    ∎ which side of the bed do you sleep on? de quel côté du lit dors-tu?;
    ∎ she got in on the driver's side elle est montée côté conducteur;
    ∎ the sunny side of the stadium le côté ensoleillé du stade;
    ∎ the dark side of the moon la face cachée de la lune;
    ∎ the Mexican side of the border le côté mexicain de la frontière;
    ∎ the lamppost leaned to one side le réverbère penchait d'un côté;
    ∎ he wore his hat on one side il portait son chapeau de côté;
    ∎ move the bags to one side écartez ou poussez les sacs;
    ∎ to jump to one side faire un bond de côté;
    ∎ to put sth on or to one side mettre qch de côté;
    ∎ to take sb on or to one side prendre qn à part;
    ∎ to stand on or to one side se tenir à l'écart ou à part;
    ∎ leaving that on one side for the moment… en laissant cela de côté pour l'instant…;
    ∎ Manhattan's Lower East Side le quartier sud-est de Manhattan;
    ∎ it's way on the other side of town c'est à l'autre bout de la ville;
    ∎ on both sides des deux côtés, de part et d'autre;
    ∎ on every side, on all sides de tous côtés, de toutes parts;
    ∎ they were attacked on or from all sides ils ont été attaqués de tous côtés ou de toutes parts;
    ∎ there were flames on every side il y avait des flammes de tous (les) côtés;
    ∎ from side to side d'un côté à l'autre;
    ∎ the ship rolled from side to side le bateau roulait;
    ∎ he's on the right/wrong side of forty il n'a pas encore/il a dépassé la quarantaine;
    ∎ stay on the right side of the law restez dans la légalité;
    ∎ he operates on the wrong side of the law il fait des affaires en marge de la loi;
    ∎ to get on the wrong side of sb prendre qn à rebrousse-poil;
    ∎ to get/keep on the right side of sb se mettre/rester bien avec qn;
    ∎ esp American to live on the right/wrong side of the tracks habiter un bon/mauvais quartier;
    ∎ esp American to come from the wrong side of the tracks être issu d'un milieu défavorisé;
    ∎ there's no other hotel this side of Reno il n'y a pas d'autre hôtel entre ici et Reno;
    ∎ these are the best beaches this side of Hawaii ce sont les meilleures plages après celles de Hawaii;
    ∎ I can't see myself finishing the work this side of Easter je ne me vois pas finir ce travail d'ici Pâques;
    ∎ it's a bit on the pricey/small side c'est un peu cher/petit
    (g) (facet, aspect → of problem, situation) aspect m, côté m; (→ of person) côté m;
    ∎ to examine all sides of an issue examiner un problème sous tous ses aspects;
    ∎ there are many sides to this issue c'est une question complexe;
    ∎ there are many sides to her character elle a bien des facettes à son caractère;
    ∎ there are two sides to every argument dans toute discussion il y a deux points de vue;
    ∎ he's told me his side of the story il m'a donné sa version de l'affaire;
    ∎ I could see the funny side of the situation je voyais le côté drôle de la situation;
    ∎ I can't see the funny side of that je ne vois pas ce qu'il y a de drôle là-dedans;
    ∎ he stressed the positive/humanitarian side il a souligné le côté positif/humanitaire;
    ∎ I've kept my side of the deal j'ai tenu mes engagements dans cette affaire;
    ∎ she's very good at the practical side of things elle est excellente sur le plan pratique;
    ∎ she has her good side elle a ses bons côtés;
    ∎ I've seen his cruel side je sais qu'il peut être cruel;
    ∎ to have a jealous side avoir un côté jaloux;
    ∎ she showed an unexpected side of herself elle a révélé une facette inattendue de sa personnalité
    (h) (group, faction) côté m, camp m; (team) équipe f; Politics (party) parti m;
    ∎ the winning side le camp des vainqueurs;
    ∎ to pick sides faire les équipes;
    ∎ whose side is he on? de quel côté est-il?, dans quel camp est-il?;
    ∎ he's on our side il est avec nous ou de notre côté;
    ∎ they fought on our side ils se sont battus à nos côtés;
    ∎ which side won the war? qui a gagné la guerre?;
    ∎ the rebel side les rebelles mpl;
    ∎ there is mistrust on both sides il y a de la méfiance dans les deux camps;
    ∎ there's still no concrete proposal on or from their side il n'y a toujours pas de proposition concrète de leur part;
    ∎ to go over to the other side, to change sides changer de camp;
    ∎ luck is on our side la chance est avec nous;
    ∎ time is on their side le temps joue en leur faveur;
    ∎ he has youth on his side il a l'avantage de la jeunesse;
    ∎ he really let the side down il nous/leur/ etc a fait faux bond;
    ∎ don't let the side down! nous comptons sur vous!;
    ∎ she tried to get the committee on her side elle a essayé de mettre le comité de son côté;
    ∎ to take sides prendre parti;
    ∎ he took Tom's side against me il a pris le parti de Tom contre moi;
    ∎ to be on the side of peace être pour la paix
    ∎ she's a Smith on her mother's side c'est une Smith par sa mère;
    ∎ he's Polish on both sides ses parents sont tous les deux polonais;
    ∎ my grandmother on my mother's/father's side ma grand-mère maternelle/paternelle;
    ∎ she gets her love for music from her mother's side of the family elle tient son goût pour la musique du côté maternel de sa famille;
    ∎ they are all blond on her father's side of the family ils sont tous blonds du côté de ou dans la famille de son père
    ∎ side of pork demi-porc m;
    ∎ side of bacon flèche f de lard;
    ∎ side of beef/lamb quartier m de bœuf/d'agneau
    ∎ I wrote ten sides j'ai écrit dix pages
    ∎ what's on the other side? qu'est-ce qu'il y a sur l'autre chaîne?
    (m) British (in snooker, billiards etc) effet m
    (n) British familiar (cheek) culot m; (arrogance) fierté□ f;
    ∎ to put on side se donner des airs□ ;
    ∎ there's no side to him c'est quelqu'un de très simple□
    ∎ a pork chop with a side of fries une côte de porc avec des frites (servies à part)
    (a) (situated on one side → chapel, window) latéral
    (b) (directional → view) de côté, de profil; (→ elevation, kick) latéral;
    ∎ to do a side split (in dance) faire un grand écart latéral;
    ∎ Sport to put side spin on a ball donner de l'effet à une balle
    (c) (additional) en plus;
    ∎ would anyone like any side orders? (in restaurant) désirez-vous un plat d'accompagnement?;
    ∎ I'd like a side order of fries je voudrais aussi des frites
    ∎ to side with sb se ranger ou se mettre du côté de qn, prendre parti pour qn;
    ∎ it's in our interest to side with the majority nous avons intérêt à nous ranger du côté de la majorité;
    ∎ they all sided against her ils se sont tous mis contre elle
    ∎ to make a bit of money on the side (gen) se faire un peu d'argent en plus ou supplémentaire; (dishonestly) se remplir les poches;
    ∎ she's an artist but works as a taxi driver on the side elle est artiste mais elle fait le chauffeur de taxi pour arrondir ses fins de mois;
    ∎ a hamburger with salad on the side un hamburger avec une salade;
    ∎ American anything on the side, sir? (in restaurant) et avec cela, Monsieur?
    côte à côte;
    ∎ they were walking side by side ils marchaient côte à côte;
    ∎ to put two boxes side by side mettre deux boîtes l'une à côté de l'autre;
    ∎ the road and the river run side by side la route longe la rivière;
    ∎ the tribes lived peacefully side by side les tribus vivaient paisiblement côte à côte;
    ∎ we'll be working side by side with the Swiss on this project nous travaillerons en étroite collaboration avec les Suisses sur ce projet
    ►► side aisle (in church) bas-côté m; Theatre allée f latérale;
    Chemistry side chain chaîne f latérale;
    side chapel chapelle f latérale;
    side dish plat m d'accompagnement; (of vegetables) garniture f;
    ∎ with a side dish of spinach avec une garniture d'épinards;
    side door porte f latérale;
    ∎ figurative to enter a profession by the side door entrer dans une profession par la petite porte;
    side drum tambour m;
    side effect effet m secondaire;
    ∎ the drug was found to have harmful side effects on a découvert que le médicament avait des effets secondaires nocifs ou indésirables;
    ∎ consumers suffered the side effects of inflation les consommateurs ont subi les répercussions de l'inflation;
    side entrance entrée f latérale;
    side face profil m;
    side glance regard m oblique ou de côté; figurative (allusion) allusion f;
    side impact (between vehicles) choc m latéral;
    side issue question f secondaire;
    ∎ the side issues of a question les à-côtés mpl d'une question;
    American familiar side meat poitrine f fumée□ ;
    the side netting (of goal) le côté du filet;
    side plate petite assiette f (que l'on met à gauche de chaque convive);
    side pocket poche f extérieure;
    side rail (on bridge) garde-fou m; Nautical rambarde f;
    side road (minor road → in country) route f secondaire; (→ in town) petite rue f; (road at right angles) rue f transversale;
    ∎ the car was coming out of a side road la voiture débouchait d'une route transversale;
    side salad salade f (pour accompagner un plat);
    side street (minor street) petite rue f; (at right angles) rue f transversale;
    side table petite table f; (for dishes) desserte f; (beside bed) table f de chevet

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > side

  • 14 fancy

    1. noun

    he has taken a fancy to a new car/her — ein neues Auto/sie hat es ihm angetan

    take or catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

    2) (whim) Laune, die
    3) (notion) merkwürdiges Gefühl; (delusion, belief) Vorstellung, die
    4) (faculty of imagining) Fantasie, die
    5) (mental image) Fantasievorstellung, die

    just a fancy — nur Einbildung

    2. attributive adjective
    1) (ornamental) kunstvoll [Arbeit, Muster]

    fancy jewellery — Modeschmuck, der

    2) (extravagant) stolz (ugs.)
    3. transitive verb
    1) (imagine) sich (Dat.) einbilden
    2) (coll.) in imper. as excl. of surprise

    fancy that! — sieh mal einer an!; also so etwas!

    3) (suppose) glauben; denken

    ..., I fancy —..., möchte ich meinen

    4) (wish to have) mögen

    what do you fancy for dinner? — was hättest du gern zum Abendessen?

    he fancies [the idea of] doing something — er würde etwas gern tun

    do you think she fancies him? — glaubst du, sie mag ihn?

    5) (coll.): (have high opinion of)

    fancy oneself as a singer — sich für einen [großen] Sänger halten

    fancy one's/somebody's chances — seine/jemandes Chancen hoch einschätzen

    * * *
    ['fænsi] 1. plural - fancies; noun
    1) (a sudden (often unexpected) liking or desire: The child had many peculiar fancies.) die Vorliebe
    2) (the power of the mind to imagine things: She had a tendency to indulge in flights of fancy.) die Phantasie
    3) (something imagined: He had a sudden fancy that he could see Spring approaching.) die Vorstellung
    2. adjective
    (decorated; not plain: fancy cakes.) verziert
    3. verb
    1) (to like the idea of having or doing something: I fancy a cup of tea.) sich vorstellen
    2) (to think or have a certain feeling or impression (that): I fancied( that) you were angry.) sich einbilden
    3) (to have strong sexual interest in (a person): He fancies her a lot.) Lust haben
    •
    - academic.ru/26392/fanciful">fanciful
    - fancifully
    - fancy dress
    - take a fancy to
    - take one's fancy
    * * *
    fan·cy
    [ˈfæn(t)si]
    I. vt
    <- ie->
    ▪ to \fancy sth etw wollen [o mögen]; (would like to have)
    ▪ sb fancies sth jd hätte gerne etw; (feel like)
    ▪ to \fancy sth Lust auf etw akk haben; (like)
    ▪ sb fancies sth jdm gefällt etw
    I don't \fancy swimming in such dirty water in derart schmutzigem Wasser will [o möchte] ich nicht schwimmen
    I \fancy a house with a big garden ich hätte gerne ein Haus mit einem großen Garten
    do you \fancy a drink this evening? hast du Lust, heute Abend was trinken zu gehen? fam
    do you \fancy a spin in my new car? ( fam) hast du Lust auf eine Spritztour in meinem neuen Wagen? fam
    I'm not sure I \fancy the idea of going there ich weiß nicht, ob mir der Gedanke gefällt, dort hinzufahren
    to \fancy the prospect of doing sth von der Aussicht, etw zu tun, begeistert sein
    ▪ to \fancy sb (find attractive) jdn attraktiv finden, auf jdn stehen fam; (be sexually attracted by) etw von jdm wollen fam
    I always liked her without ever really \fancying her ich mochte sie immer, ohne dass ich je was von ihr wollte fam
    3. (be full of)
    ▪ to \fancy oneself BRIT ( pej) sich dat toll vorkommen
    4. (imagine as winner)
    to \fancy a horse/team/candidate ein Pferd/ein Team/einen Kandidaten favorisieren
    who do you \fancy to win the Cup this year? wer, glaubst du, wird dieses Jahr den Cup gewinnen?
    5. (believe)
    to \fancy one's chances [of doing sth] sich dat Chancen ausrechnen [etw zu tun]
    to not \fancy sb's chances jdm keine großen Chancen geben
    I didn't \fancy his chances of ever getting his novel published ich habe nicht daran geglaubt, dass er seinen Roman jemals veröffentlichen würde
    6. esp BRIT (imagine, think)
    ▪ to \fancy [that]... denken, dass...
    I fancied I saw something in the corner ich meinte, etwas in der Ecke gesehen zu haben
    she fancies herself a rebel sie hält sich für eine Rebellin
    Dick fancies himself as a singer Dick bildet sich ein, ein großer Sänger zu sein
    I used to \fancy myself captaining a great ocean liner ich habe mir früher immer vorgestellt, einen großen Ozeandampfer zu steuern
    there's rather more to this [than meets the eye], I \fancy ( dated) ich denke, da steckt mehr dahinter [als es auf den ersten Blick scheint]
    \fancy [that]! stell dir das [mal] vor!
    \fancy seeing you again! schön dich wiederzusehen!
    \fancy seeing you here! das ist aber eine Überraschung, dich hier zu sehen!, na, so was! du hier! fam
    \fancy you knowing old Ben! nicht zu fassen, dass du den alten Ben auch kennst!
    \fancy saying that to you of all people! [unglaublich,] dass man das ausgerechnet zu dir gesagt hat!
    II. n
    1. no pl (liking) Vorliebe f
    to catch [or take] sb's \fancy jdm gefallen
    to have a \fancy for sth/sb eine Vorliebe für etw/jdn haben
    to take a \fancy to sth/sb Gefallen an etw/jdm finden
    Laura's taken a \fancy to Japanese food Laura hat ihre Liebe zur japanischen Küche entdeckt
    I've taken a \fancy to that old car of yours dein altes Auto hat es mir angetan
    to tickle sb's \fancy jdn reizen
    2. no pl (whim) Laune f
    he only comes when the \fancy takes him er kommt nur, wenn ihm gerade danach ist
    to be no passing \fancy nicht nur eine vorübergehende Laune sein
    3. (idea) Vorstellung f, Fantasie f; (whimsical idea) Laune f, Grille[n] f[pl] veraltend; (notion)
    to have a \fancy that... so ein Gefühl haben, dass...
    idle [or vain] \fancy Spinnerei f pej
    these are just idle fancies of yours das sind nur so Grillen von dir fam
    4. no pl (imagination) Fantasie f
    flight of \fancy Fantasterei f pej
    ▪ fancies pl Gebäck nt (mit Zuckerguss u.ä. Verzierungen), Confiserie pl SCHWEIZ
    III. adj
    1. (elaborate) decoration, frills aufwändig; pattern ausgefallen; hairdo kunstvoll; car schick; ( fig) talk geschwollen pej
    I wanted a simple black dress, nothing \fancy ich wollte ein einfaches schwarzes Kleid, nichts Ausgefallenes
    never mind the \fancy phrases, just give us the facts reden Sie nicht lange drum herum, nennen Sie uns einfach die Fakten fam
    \fancy footwork FBALL gute Beinarbeit
    2. (whimsical) versponnen
    \fancy ideas Fantastereien pl pej
    don't you go filling his head with \fancy ideas setz ihm keinen Floh ins Ohr fam
    I keep away from the \fancy shops ich meide die teuren Nobelgeschäfte
    Eastbourne is a \fancy place Eastbourne ist ein teures Pflaster fam
    to live in a \fancy area in einem Nobelviertel wohnen
    \fancy car Nobelkarosse f fam, Luxusschlitten m fam
    \fancy foods Delikatessen pl
    \fancy prices astronomische Preise
    4. attr (fashion) Mode-
    \fancy article Modeartikel m
    5. attr BOT, ZOOL speziell gezüchtet
    6.
    ▶ \fancy footwork ( fam) Geschick nt
    she did some \fancy footwork to get out of a tight corner sie zog sich geschickt aus der Affäre fam
    * * *
    ['fnsɪ]
    1. vt
    1)

    (= like, be attracted by) I don't fancy a house in Glasgow — ich möchte kein Haus in Glasgow haben

    I didn't fancy that job/that party — die Stelle/die Party hat mich nicht gereizt

    do you fancy a walk/steak/beer? — hast du Lust zu einem Spaziergang/auf ein Steak/auf ein Bier?

    count me out, I don't fancy the idea — ohne mich, das ist nichts für mich

    I don't fancy the idea, but I'll have to do it — ich habe gar keine Lust dazu, aber ich muss es ja wohl tun

    I don't fancy THAT (idea)! —

    he fancies his chances — er meint, er hätte Chancen

    a bit of what you fancy does you good — man muss sich auch mal was Gutes gönnen

    2) (= imagine) meinen, sich (dat) einbilden; (= think) glauben

    he fancied he heard footsteps — er meinte, Schritte zu hören

    I rather fancy he has gone out —

    how long? – not long, I fancy — wie lange? – nicht lange, denke or glaube ich

    3)

    (in exclamations) fancy doing that! — so was(, das) zu tun!

    fancy him doing that! — nicht zu fassen, dass er das getan hat or tut!

    (just) fancy! (inf) — (nein) so was!, denk mal an! (inf)

    just fancy, he... (inf) — stell dir vor, er...

    fancy seeing you here! — so was, Sie hier zu sehen!

    fancy him winning! — wer hätte gedacht, dass er gewinnt!

    2. vr
    von sich eingenommen sein, sich für Wunder was halten (inf)

    he fancies himself as an actor/expert — er hält sich für einen (guten) Schauspieler/einen Experten

    3. n
    1)

    (= liking) to have a fancy for sth — Lust zu etw haben; (for food or drink) Lust auf etw (acc)

    he's taken a fancy to her/this car/the idea — sie/das Auto/die Idee hat es ihm angetan

    to take or catch sb's fancy — jdn ansprechen, jdm gefallen

    they took a fancy to go swimming — sie bekamen Lust, schwimmen zu gehen

    just as the fancy takes me/you etc — ganz nach Lust und Laune

    he only works when the fancy takes him — er arbeitet nur, wenn ihm gerade danach ist

    2) no pl (= imagination) Fantasie f, Phantasie f
    3)

    (= notion, whim) I have a fancy that... — ich habe so ein Gefühl, dass...

    he had a sudden fancy to go to Spain — ihn überkam eine plötzliche Laune, nach Spanien zu fahren

    4. adj (+er)
    1) (inf: elaborate) clothes, shoes ausgefallen; pattern, hairdo, manoeuvre kunstvoll; food, gadget raffiniert; word, language hochtrabend

    how do you like our new computer? – very fancy! — wie gefällt dir unser neuer Computer? – sehr beeindruckend!

    fancy footwork (Ftbl) — geschickte Beinarbeit; (in dancing) komplizierte Schritte pl; (fig) raffinierte Manöver pl

    2) (often pej inf: smart) house, car, clothes, shop schick (inf); school, restaurant nobel, schick (inf)
    3) (inf: high) price überhöht, gepfeffert (inf)
    * * *
    fancy [ˈfænsı]
    A s
    1. Fantasie f:
    that’s mere fancy das ist reine Fantasie; → tickle A 1
    2. Idee f, plötzlicher Einfall:
    I have a fancy that … ich habe so eine Idee, dass …;
    when the fancy takes him wenn ihm danach ist
    3. Laune f, Grille f
    4. (bloße) Einbildung. it was only a fancy of mine ich habe es mir nur eingebildet
    5. (individueller) Geschmack
    6. Ästhetik: Einbildungskraft f
    7. (for) Neigung f (zu), Vorliebe f (für), (plötzliches) Gefallen (an dat), (lebhaftes) Interesse (an dat oder für):
    a) gernhaben (akk),
    b) Lust haben auf (akk);
    take a fancy to ( oder for) Gefallen finden an (dat), sympathisch finden (akk);
    catch sb’s fancy jemandes Interesse erwecken, jemandem gefallen
    8. Tierzucht f (aus Liebhaberei)
    9. the fancy koll obs die (Sport- etc) Liebhaber pl, besonders die Boxsportanhänger pl
    B adj
    1. Fantasie…, fantastisch, ausgefallen, übertrieben:
    fancy name Fantasiename m;
    fancy price Fantasie-, Liebhaberpreis m
    2. Mode…:
    3. Fantasie…, fantasievoll, ausgefallen, reich verziert, kunstvoll, bunt
    4. US Delikatess…, extrafein:
    fancy cakes feines Gebäck, Konditoreiware f
    5. aus einer Liebhaberzucht:
    C v/t
    1. sich jemanden oder etwas vorstellen:
    fancy him to be here stell dir vor, er wäre hier;
    fancy that!
    a) stell dir vor!, denk nur!,
    b) sieh mal einer an!, nanu!;
    fancy meeting you here komisch, dass ich Sie hier treffe;
    fancy her losing wer hätte gedacht, dass sie verliert
    2. annehmen, glauben ( beide:
    that dass)
    3. fancy o.s. sich einbilden ( to be zu sein):
    fancy o.s. (very important) sich sehr wichtig vorkommen;
    fancy o.s. (as) a great scientist sich für einen großen Wissenschaftler halten
    4. gernhaben oder gern mögen, angetan sein von:
    I don’t fancy this picture dieses Bild gefällt mir nicht;
    what do you fancy for breakfast? was möchtest oder hättest du gern zum Frühstück?
    5. Lust haben auf (akk):
    fancy doing sth Lust haben, etwas zu tun;
    I fancy going for a walk ich habe Lust, einen Spaziergang zu machen;
    I’d fancy an ice cream ich hätte Lust auf ein Eis
    6. Tiere, Pflanzen (aus Liebhaberei) züchten
    7. fancy up US umg ein Auto etc aufmotzen
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (taste, inclination)

    he has taken a fancy to a new car/her — ein neues Auto/sie hat es ihm angetan

    take or catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

    2) (whim) Laune, die
    3) (notion) merkwürdiges Gefühl; (delusion, belief) Vorstellung, die
    4) (faculty of imagining) Fantasie, die
    5) (mental image) Fantasievorstellung, die
    2. attributive adjective
    1) (ornamental) kunstvoll [Arbeit, Muster]

    fancy jewellery — Modeschmuck, der

    2) (extravagant) stolz (ugs.)
    3. transitive verb
    1) (imagine) sich (Dat.) einbilden
    2) (coll.) in imper. as excl. of surprise

    fancy meeting you here! — na, so etwas, Sie hier zu treffen!

    fancy that! — sieh mal einer an!; also so etwas!

    3) (suppose) glauben; denken

    ..., I fancy —..., möchte ich meinen

    4) (wish to have) mögen

    he fancies [the idea of] doing something — er würde etwas gern tun

    do you think she fancies him? — glaubst du, sie mag ihn?

    5) (coll.): (have high opinion of)

    fancy oneself as a singer — sich für einen [großen] Sänger halten

    fancy one's/somebody's chances — seine/jemandes Chancen hoch einschätzen

    * * *
    n.
    Laune -n f.

    English-german dictionary > fancy

  • 15 news

    [njuːz]
    n
    1) новость, весть, известие, новости, ве́сти, известия

    It is no news at all. — В этом нет ничего нового.

    - bad news
    - unexpected news
    - piece of news
    - rest of the news
    - that sort of news
    - learn the news from a letter
    - tell the news
    - break the news
    - ask about the news
    - news is that...
    2) известие, известия, сообщение, сообщения, информация

    It was in the six o'clock news. — Об этом сообщалось в шестичасовом выпуске новостей.

    Bad news flies (travels) fast. — ◊ Худые вести не лежат на месте.

    No news is good news. — ◊ Отсутствие новостей - хорошая новость.

    - night news
    - foreign news
    - domestic news
    - six o'clock news
    - news summary
    - world and home news
    - news about fires
    - listen to the news
    - have no news from smb
    •
    USAGE:
    (1.) В отличие от русского соотносительного слова, имеющего формы как единственного, так и множественного числа, новость, новости, английское существительное news во всех своих значениях имеет только одну форму - news. Существительное news в английском языке неисчисляемое и, соответственно, определяется словами much, little, some, any и согласуется с глаголом в единственном числе: the news was unexpected новости были неожиданными; is there any news of the expedition? есть какие-нибудь новые сведения/новости об экспедиции?; there was very little news about the event об этом событии было очень мало новостей. Существительное news употребляется с определенным артиклем: what is the news? какие новости? (2.) Русскому одна новость в английском языке соответствует словосочетание a piece of news: I have another piece of news for you у меня для вас еще одна новость

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > news

  • 16 quarter

    'kwo:tə
    1. noun
    1) (one of four equal parts of something which together form the whole (amount) of the thing: There are four of us, so we'll cut the cake into quarters; It's (a) quarter past / (American) after four; In the first quarter of the year his firm made a profit; The shop is about a quarter of a mile away; an hour and a quarter; two and a quarter hours.) cuarto
    2) (in the United States and Canada, (a coin worth) twenty-five cents, the fourth part of a dollar.) veinticinco centavos
    3) (a district or part of a town especially where a particular group of people live: He lives in the Polish quarter of the town.) barrio
    4) (a direction: People were coming at me from all quarters.) dirección, (de todas) partes
    5) (mercy shown to an enemy.) gracia
    6) (the leg of a usually large animal, or a joint of meat which includes a leg: a quarter of beef; a bull's hindquarters.) cuarto
    7) (the shape of the moon at the end of the first and third weeks of its cycle; the first or fourth week of the cycle itself.) cuarto
    8) (one of four equal periods of play in some games.) cuarto
    9) (a period of study at a college etc usually 10 to 12 weeks in length.) trimestre

    2. verb
    1) (to cut into four equal parts: We'll quarter the cake and then we'll all have an equal share.) cortar en cuatro
    2) (to divide by four: If we each do the work at the same time, we could quarter the time it would take to finish the job.) dividir en cuatro, cuartear
    3) (to give (especially a soldier) somewhere to stay: The soldiers were quartered all over the town.) acuartelar, alojar
    •

    3. adverb
    (once every three months: We pay our electricity bill quarterly.) trimestralmente

    4. noun
    (a magazine etc which is published once every three months.) publicación trimestral
    - quarter-deck
    - quarter-final
    - quarter-finalist
    - quartermaster
    - at close quarters
    1. cuarta parte / cuarto
    2. cuarto
    5:15 is the same as a quarter past five 5:15 es lo mismo que las cinco y cuarto
    3. barrio
    tr['kwɔːtəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 cuarto
    2 (area) barrio
    3 (time) cuarto
    4 (weight) cuarto de libra
    5 (of moon) cuarto
    7 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (amount) veinticinco centavos; (coin) moneda de veinticinco centavos
    1 dividir en cuatro
    2 (reduce) reducir a la cuarta parte
    3 SMALLHISTORY/SMALL descuartizar
    4 (lodge) alojar
    1 alojamiento m sing
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    at close quarters desde muy cerca
    from all quarters de todas partes
    to give no quarter no dar cuartel
    first quarter cuarto creciente
    last quarter cuarto menguante
    officer's quarters residencia f sing de oficiales
    quarter ['kwɔrt̬ər] vt
    1) : dividir en cuatro partes
    2) lodge: alojar, acuartelar (tropas)
    1) : cuarto m, cuarta parte f
    a foot and a quarter: un pie y cuarto
    a quarter after three: las tres y cuarto
    2) : moneda f de 25 centavos, cuarto m de dólar
    3) district: barrio m
    business quarter: barrio comercial
    4) place: parte f
    from all quarters: de todas partes
    at close quarters: de muy cerca
    5) mercy: clemencia f, cuartel m
    to give no quarter: no dar cuartel
    6) quarters npl
    lodging: alojamiento m, cuartel m (militar)
    n.
    • moneda de veinticinco centavos de dólar s.f. (Ship)
    n.
    • camarote s.m.
    adj.
    • cuarto, -a adj.
    n.
    • barrio s.m.
    • cuadra s.f.
    • cuarta s.f.
    • cuartel s.m.
    • cuarterón s.m.
    • cuarto s.m.
    • cuarto de luna s.m.
    • moneda de 25 centavos s.f.
    • trimestre (Académico) s.m.
    v.
    • acantonar v.
    • acuartelar v.
    • alojar v.
    • cuartear v.
    • cuartelar v.
    • descuartizar v.

    I 'kwɔːrtər, 'kwɔːtə(r)
    1) c
    a) ( fourth part) cuarta parte f, cuarto m

    a quarter of a mile/century — un cuarto de milla/siglo

    four and a o one quarter gallons — cuatro galones y cuarto

    b) (as adv)
    2) c
    a) (US, Canadian coin) moneda f de 25 centavos
    b) ( of moon) cuarto m
    3) c
    a) ( in telling time) cuarto m

    it's a quarter of o (BrE) to one — es la una menos cuarto or (AmL exc RPl) un cuarto para la una

    a quarter after o (BrE) past one — la una y cuarto

    at (a) quarter after o (BrE) past — a las y cuarto

    b) ( three months) trimestre m
    4) c
    a) ( district of town) barrio m
    b) ( area) parte f

    married quarters — ( Mil) viviendas fpl para familias

    6) u ( mercy) (liter)

    he showed o gave them no quarter — no tuvo clemencia para con ellos


    II
    transitive verb (often pass) ( divide) \<\<carcass/body\>\> descuartizar*; \<\<apple\>\> dividir en cuatro partes

    to be hung, drawn and quartered — ser* ahorcado, destripado y descuartizado


    III
    adjective cuarto
    ['kwɔːtǝ(r)]
    1. N
    1) (=fourth part) [of kilo, kilometre, second] cuarto m ; [of price, population] cuarta parte f

    • it's a quarter gone already — ya se ha gastado la cuarta parte

    2) (in time) cuarto m

    a quarter of an hour/century — un cuarto de hora/siglo

    • it's a quarter past or (US) after seven — son las siete y cuarto

    • it's a quarter to or (US) of seven — son las siete menos cuarto, es un cuarto para las siete (LAm)

    a) (US, Canada) (=25 cents) (moneda f de) cuarto m de dólar
    b) [of year] trimestre m

    • to pay by the quarter — pagar trimestralmente or al trimestre or cada tres meses

    c) [of moon] cuarto m

    • when the moon is in its first/ last quarter — cuando la luna está en cuarto creciente/menguante

    4) (=part of town) barrio m

    • the business quarter — el barrio comercial

    • the old quarter — el casco viejo or antiguo

    5) (=direction, area)

    • from all quarters — de todas partes

    • at close quarters — de cerca

    • they are spread over the four quarters of the globe — se extienden por todos los rincones or por todas partes del mundo

    • help came from an unexpected quarter — la ayuda nos llegó de un lugar inesperado

    6) (Naut, Geog) [of compass] cuarta f

    • the port/ starboard quarter — [of ship] la aleta de babor/estribor

    7) (Heraldry) cuartel m
    8) frm (=mercy) clemencia f

    • they knew they could expect no quarter — sabían que no podían esperar clemencia

    9) quarters (=accommodation)
    a) (for staff) (=building, section) dependencias fpl ; (=rooms) cuartos mpl, habitaciones fpl
    living 4.
    b) (Mil) (=barracks) cuartel msing ; (also: sleeping quarters) barracones mpl

    the crew's/officers' quarters — (on ship) las dependencias de la tripulación/de los oficiales

    married 2.
    2.
    ADJ cuarto

    a quarter pound/century — un cuarto de libra/siglo

    3. VT
    1) (=divide into four) [+ apple, potato] cortar en cuatro (trozos); [+ carcass, body] descuartizar; hang 1., 3), a)
    2) (Mil) acuartelar, alojar
    3) (=range over) [person] recorrer

    • to quarter the ground — [dog] buscar olfateando; [bird] escudriñar el terreno

    4.
    CPD

    quarter day N — (gen) primer día del trimestre ; (Econ) el día del vencimiento de un pago trimestral

    quarter light N — (Brit) (Aut) ventanilla f direccional

    quarter note N — (US) (Mus) negra f

    quarter pound N — cuarto m de libra

    quarter tone N — cuarto m de tono

    quarter turn N — cuarto m de vuelta

    * * *

    I ['kwɔːrtər, 'kwɔːtə(r)]
    1) c
    a) ( fourth part) cuarta parte f, cuarto m

    a quarter of a mile/century — un cuarto de milla/siglo

    four and a o one quarter gallons — cuatro galones y cuarto

    b) (as adv)
    2) c
    a) (US, Canadian coin) moneda f de 25 centavos
    b) ( of moon) cuarto m
    3) c
    a) ( in telling time) cuarto m

    it's a quarter of o (BrE) to one — es la una menos cuarto or (AmL exc RPl) un cuarto para la una

    a quarter after o (BrE) past one — la una y cuarto

    at (a) quarter after o (BrE) past — a las y cuarto

    b) ( three months) trimestre m
    4) c
    a) ( district of town) barrio m
    b) ( area) parte f

    married quarters — ( Mil) viviendas fpl para familias

    6) u ( mercy) (liter)

    he showed o gave them no quarter — no tuvo clemencia para con ellos


    II
    transitive verb (often pass) ( divide) \<\<carcass/body\>\> descuartizar*; \<\<apple\>\> dividir en cuatro partes

    to be hung, drawn and quartered — ser* ahorcado, destripado y descuartizado


    III
    adjective cuarto

    English-spanish dictionary > quarter

  • 17 attend

    1. I
    if you don't attend, you won't understand если вы не будете внимательны /внимательно слушать/, вы не поймете, please attend! внимание!
    2. II 3. III
    1) attend smth. attend a lecture (a course of lectures, a public meeting, etc.) посещать лекцию и т. д, присутствовать на лекции и т. д.; attend a first performance поддеть на премьеру; attend a funeral пойти на похороны; all children over six must attend school все дети, достигшие шестилетнего возраста, должны ходить в школу /должны учиться в школе/
    2) attend smb. attend one's patients (the wounded, the injured, the poor, etc.) a) ухаживать за своими пациентами и т. д.; б) лечить своих пациентов и т. д.', which doctor is attending you? вы у какого врача лечитесь?, кто ваш врач?; I was called to attend a child меня вызвали к ребенку
    3) attend smb. attend customers /clients/ (purchasers, guests, etc.) обслуживать клиентов и т. д.
    4) attend smb. offic. attend an ambassador (a minister, an archbishop, etc.) сопровождать посла и т. д. id may good luck (success) attend you! да сопутствует вам удача /успех/ !
    4. IV
    1) attend smth. in some manner attend smth. frequently (rarely, compulsorily, eagerly, punctually, etc.) часто и т. д. посещать что-л.; I regularly attended his classes я регулярно /аккуратно/ ходил на его занятия; attend smth. at some time attend smth. daily (nightly, etc.) посещать что-л. ежедневно и т. д.; it was the first exhibition I had ever attended это была первая выставка, которую я кого-либо видел
    2) attend smb. in some manner attend smb. patiently (devotedly, professionally, expertly, etc.) терпеливо и т. д. ходить /ухаживать/ за кем-л. /лечить кого-л./; attend smb. for some time doctor Smith has attended our family these twenty years доктор Смит вот уже двадцать лет лечит всю нашу семью
    3) attend smb. in some manner attend smb. cheerfully (properly, casually, etc.) приветливо и т. д. обслуживать кого-л.; attend smb. at some time attend smb. immediately (at once, etc.) обслужить кого-л. немедленно и т. д.
    5. XI
    2) be attended by smb. he was attended by a very good doctor его лечил очень хороший врач, он лечился у очень хорошего врача
    3) be attended by smb. we were attended by three waiters нас обслуживали три официанта; she was attended upon by her own maid ей прислуживала ее собственная горничная
    4) be attended by smb. offic. the Prime Minister was attended by his Cabinet премьер-министра сопровождали /при премьер-министре находились/ члены его кабинета; be attended with /by/ smth. book. be attended with danger (by some risk, by unexpected consequences, etc.) сопровождаться опасностью и т.д.; our plans were attended with great difficulties наши планы были связаны с большими трудностями; the pain was attended with fever боль сопровождалась повышением температуры
    6. XVI
    1) attend to smb., smth. attend to the teacher (to his directions, to smb.'s complaints, etc.) внимательно выслушивать преподавателя и т. д.; I was not attending to the conversation я не следил за беседой
    2) attend to smth. attend to one's studies (to one's duties, to one's business, to one's correspondence, to smb.'s education, to smb.'s needs, to smb. attend comforts, etc.) усердно /прилежно/ заниматься своими уроками и т. д.; you won't succeed unless you attend to your work вы не добьетесь успеха, если [вы] не будете добросовестно работать; I shall attend to it, don't worry не беспокойтесь, я займись этим /позабочусь об этом/
    3) attend to /upon/ smb. attend to a customer (to the guests, upon an ambassador, etc.) обслуживать клиента или посетителя и т. д., is anyone attending to you? вами кто-нибудь занимается?; вас обслуживают?; I shall attend to you in a minute я займусь вами через минуту
    4) attend upon smb. attend upon a patient (upon an invalid, upon an old lady, etc.) лечить больного и т. д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > attend

  • 18 even

    ['iːvn] I
    1) (level) [ surface] uguale, piano, piatto, regolare
    2) (regular) [hemline, breath] regolare; [ temperature] costante
    3) (calm) [ voice] calmo; [ temper] costante, calmo, tranquillo
    4) (equal) [ contest] equilibrato

    to be even — [ competitors] essere alla pari

    5) (fair) [ distribution] equo, giusto

    to get even with sb. — saldare i conti con qcn

    7) mat. [ number] pari
    II
    1) (showing surprise, emphasizing point) perfino, anche, addirittura

    I can't even swim, never mind dive — non so neppure nuotare, figuriamoci tuffarmi

    don't tell anyone, not even Bob — non dire niente a nessuno, neanche a Bob

    3) form. (just)
    4) even so in ogni caso
    5) even then (at that time) anche allora; (all the same) nonostante ciò, ugualmente
    6) even though anche se

    he rents his house even though he's so rich — nonostante sia così ricco, affitta lo stesso la sua casa

    III 1. 2.
    * * *
    I 1. [i:vən] adjective
    1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.)
    2) (smooth: Make the path more even.)
    3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.)
    4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.)
    5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.)
    6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.)
    2. verb
    1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.)
    2) (to make smooth or level.)
    •
    - evenness
    - be/get even with
    - an even chance
    - even out
    - even up     II [i:vən] adverb
    1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.)
    2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.)
    •
    - even so
    - even though
    * * *
    ['iːvn] I
    1) (level) [ surface] uguale, piano, piatto, regolare
    2) (regular) [hemline, breath] regolare; [ temperature] costante
    3) (calm) [ voice] calmo; [ temper] costante, calmo, tranquillo
    4) (equal) [ contest] equilibrato

    to be even — [ competitors] essere alla pari

    5) (fair) [ distribution] equo, giusto

    to get even with sb. — saldare i conti con qcn

    7) mat. [ number] pari
    II
    1) (showing surprise, emphasizing point) perfino, anche, addirittura

    I can't even swim, never mind dive — non so neppure nuotare, figuriamoci tuffarmi

    don't tell anyone, not even Bob — non dire niente a nessuno, neanche a Bob

    3) form. (just)
    4) even so in ogni caso
    5) even then (at that time) anche allora; (all the same) nonostante ciò, ugualmente
    6) even though anche se

    he rents his house even though he's so rich — nonostante sia così ricco, affitta lo stesso la sua casa

    III 1. 2.

    English-Italian dictionary > even

  • 19 not

    not [nɒt]
       a. (with verb) ne... pas
    • he has not or hasn't come il n'est pas venu
    • he will not or won't stay (prediction) il ne restera pas ; (refusal) il ne veut pas rester
    • is it not?
    • isn't it? n'est-ce pas ?
    • you have got it, haven't you? vous l'avez, non ?
    • is it going to rain? -- I hope not va-t-il pleuvoir ? -- j'espère que non
       c. ► not so
       e. (with pronoun) not me! pas moi !
       f. (with adj) non
    • are you cold? -- not at all avez-vous froid ? -- pas du tout
    • thank you very much -- not at all merci beaucoup -- je vous en prie► not only... but also... non seulement... mais aussi...
    ► not that...
    * * *
    [nɒt] 1.
    adverb ne...pas

    she isn't at home — ( voir note ci-dessous) elle n'est pas chez elle

    not only ou just — non seulement

    they live in caves, not in houses — ils habitent non pas dans des maisons, mais dans des grottes

    a not ou not an (entirely) unexpected response — une réponse prévisible

    2.
    not at all adverbial phrase gen pas du tout; ( responding to thanks) de rien
    3.
    not that conjunctional phrase

    if she refuses, not that she will... — si elle refuse, je ne dis pas qu'elle le fera...

    ••
    Dans la langue parlée ou familière, not utilisé avec un auxiliaire ou un modal prend parfois la forme n't qui est alors accolée au verbe (eg you can't go, he hasn't finished)

    English-French dictionary > not

  • 20 even

    I 1. i:vən adjective
    1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) jevn, ensartet
    2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) jevn, glatt, flat
    3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) regelmessig, jevn
    4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) like (tall)
    5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) jevnbyrdig, lik
    6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) rolig
    2. verb
    1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) jevne (ut)
    2) (to make smooth or level.) glatte, jevne (ut)
    •
    - evenness
    - be/get even with
    - an even chance
    - even out
    - even up     II i:vən adverb
    1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) enda, ikke engang, til og med, selv
    2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) enda
    •
    - even so
    - even though
    flat
    --------
    like
    --------
    nettopp
    --------
    slett
    I
    subst. \/ˈiːv(ə)n\/
    ( poetisk) aften
    II
    verb \/ˈiːv(ə)n\/
    jevnes ut, bli like
    even out jevne ut, glatte ut, fordele jevnt
    even up få til å stå (mer) likt, balansere, kompensere
    III
    adj. \/ˈiːv(ə)n\/
    1) slett, jevn, flat
    2) enhetlig, likeformet
    3) rolig, balansert
    4) regelmessig
    5) lik, jevnbyrdig
    6) ( om tall) like, par-
    7) rund, akkurat
    • 10,000 is an even sum
    8) kvitt, skuls
    be even ( overført) stå likt
    even break\/chance ( hverdagslig) rimelig sjanse, femti prosents sjanse
    even and odd par og odde
    even with likt med, på høyde med, i rett linje med, parallell med
    get even with somebody (for something) bli skuls med noen, ta revansj gjøre opp med noen
    keep even with holde seg på høyde med
    of even date ( handel eller jus) av samme dato, datert samme dag
    on an even keel på rett kjøl
    on even ground på like vilkår
    IV
    adv. \/ˈiːv(ə)n\/
    1) til og med, også, selv, endog, sågar
    2) ennå, allerede
    3) ( med nektelse) (ikke) så mye som
    4) ( forsterkende) ja (til og med), ja (endog)
    • all the competitors, even our own, are very fit
    alle konkurransedeltakerne, ja til og med våre egne, er i svært god form
    ja, kanskje du til og med har mistet den
    6) ( gammeldags) aldeles, nettopp, akkurat
    even as i samme stund som, akkurat idet, mens til og med som, allerede som
    even if selv om, til og med
    • even if I had seen it, it wouldn't have helped
    selv om jeg hadde sett det, ville det ikke ha hjulpet
    even now til og med nå enda, i alle fall, like fullt
    even so enda, i alle fall, på tross av det, likevel
    even-Steven eller even-steven (amer., hverdagslig) jevnstor, fifty-fifty, uavgjort skuls
    • I'll give you fifty and we can call it even-Steven, OK?
    jeg gir deg femti og vi sier vi er skuls, OK?
    even then til og med da, allerede da enda, i alle fall, like fullt
    even though selv om
    • she refused, even though I saw it
    hun nektet, selv om jeg så det
    not even ikke en gang

    English-Norwegian dictionary > even

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